Journal of Chinese Literature And Culture 馬大華人文學與文化學刊
The Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture (JCLC) is a multi-disciplinary journal publication published bi-annually to provide a platform for excellent academicians or postgraduate students to publish their research findings. Contributions of articles based on original research are invited from scholars working in the field of Chinese literature and culture. 《马大华人文学与文化学刊》是马来亚大学中文系学术性刊物，暂定为半年刊，期以提供学者与研究生们一个发表研究成果的平台。我们征收与古今华人文学、文化相关的稿件，类型包括论文与书评。
Department of Chinese Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya
Changes in the Voting Behaviour and Survival of Authoritarianism in Malaysia: Statistical Analysis on Election Results from 2004 to 2018
Abstract How does the voting behaviour of Malaysian electorates affect Malaysian politics? Does it change? Is it fixed? And how does it affect political regimes in Malaysia? This paper analyses the general election (GE) results in Malaysia from GE11 to GE14 and discusses Malaysia’s voting behaviour and authoritarianism. The analysis is conducted with several Bayesian regression models diverging from one underlying model. The results show that there were changes in the voting patterns. Two crucial changes in the voting patterns emerged, i.e., the ethnic voting patterns and the economic voting patterns. Ethnically-mixed constituencies were the stronghold of Barisan Nasional in GE11. From GE12, Malay voters supported Barisan Nasional (and also PAS in GE14), and Chinese voters supported Pakatan Rakyat (and Pakatan Harapan in GE14). Middle-classes were supportive of Barisan Nasional in GE11 and GE12. This tendency changed from GE13. Moreover, in GE14, there was a negative correlation between income and the vote shares of Barisan Nasional, while FELDA residents had been consistently its stronghold. These changes in the voting behaviour did not contribute to the rise of a two-party (coalition) system in Malaysia due to the authoritarianism in Malaysia. This paper considers that the strategies of authoritarianism in Malaysia to garner seats are composed of two parts. Firstly, Barisan Nasional’s regime abused authoritarian electoral rules that forced opposition parties to fight elections under unfair conditions. Secondly, Barisan Nasional’s long-lived regime resorted to ethnic populism that appealed to ethnic sentiments of the ethnic majority and developmentalism that hid social issues from citizens and portrayed the state as a prime mover of economic growth in which material merits were provided to them, i.e., ideologies to retain political loyalties of people which have side effects. The authoritarianism will probably continue. The regime change in GE14 was an exceptional regime change due to a national-level severe contest between Barisan Nasional and PAS for Malay votes, which coincidentally helped Pakatan Harapan. There are several conditions necessary for the following regime change in Malaysia, namely: (1) elimination of authoritarianism, (2) a national-level competition between UMNO and other Malay-supporting parties, such as PAS, and (3) mobility of the voting behaviour. Keywords: Malaysian Politics, General Election, Authoritarianism, Populism, Developmentalism, Voting Behabiour, Ethnicity, Class, Economy
Abstract How does the voting behaviour of Malaysian electorates affect Malaysian politics?Does it change? Is it fixed? And how does it affect political regimes in Malaysia? This paper analyses the general election (GE) results in Malaysia from GE11 to GE14 and discusses Malaysia’s voting behaviour and authoritarianism. The analysis is conducted with several Bayesian regression models diverging from one underlying model. The results show that there were changes in the voting patterns. Two crucial changes in the voting patterns emerged, i.e., the ethnic voting patterns and the economic voting patterns. Ethnically-mixed constituencies were the stronghold of Barisan Nasional in GE11. From GE12, Malay voters supported Barisan Nasional (and also PAS in GE14), and Chinese voters supported Pakatan Rakyat (and Pakatan Harapan in GE14). Middle-classes were supportive of Barisan Nasional in GE11 and GE12. This tendency changed from GE13. Moreover, in GE14, there was a negative correlation between income and the vote shares of Barisan Nasional, while FELDA residents had been consistently its stronghold. These changes in the voting behaviour did not contribute to the rise of a two-party (coalition) system in Malaysia due to the authoritarianism in Malaysia. This paper considers that the strategies of authoritarianism in Malaysia to garner seats are composed of two parts. Firstly, Barisan Nasional’s regime abused authoritarian electoral rules that forced opposition parties to fight elections under unfair conditions. Secondly, Barisan Nasional’s long-lived regime resorted to ethnic populism that appealed to ethnic sentiments of the ethnic majority and developmentalism that hid social issues from citizens and portrayed the state as a prime mover of economic growth in which material merits were provided to them, i.e., ideologies to retain political loyalties of people which have side effects. The authoritarianism will probably continue. The regime change in GE14 was an exceptional regime change due to a national-level severe contest between Barisan Nasional and PAS for Malay votes, which coincidentally helped Pakatan Harapan. There are several conditions necessary for the following regime change in Malaysia, namely: (1) elimination of authoritarianism, (2) a national-level competition between UMNO and other Malay-supporting parties, such as PAS, and (3) mobility of the voting behaviour. Keywords: Malaysian Politics, General Election, Authoritarianism, Populism, Developmentalism, Voting Behabiour, Ethnicity, Class, Economy
An Overview of The Double Identities of SMJK Katholik, Petaling Jaya, Selangor
Abstract In the early 19th century, mission authorities with British colonies come to Malaya and established mission schools. The Marist Brothers from France was one of the Roman Catholic mission authorities that aimed to provide education comes to Malaya. Brother Philippe Wu from Marist Brothers was invited by the Archbishop of Kuala Lumpur, Most Reverend Father Tan Sri Dominic Vendargon to establish a Chinese medium secondary school. Thus, Catholic High School, Petaling Jaya become a double identity school which was mission school identity and national type Chinese school identity. Currently, this school provides formal education under the Ministry of Education of Malaysia. As Catholic High School need to maintain both identities and follow the government education policy as well, the hard work and persistence behind it are worth exploring. Keywords: mission school, nation-type Chinese School, double identities
Exploring the Creation Ethics Of Young Adult Novel In Mahua Literary Circle
Abstract Odonata Publishing Sdn. Bhd. published a young adult novel entitled Seven Days written by Khor Ewe Pin in 2006 which gained popularity from the readers and became the bestseller in the book market. Thus, it has changed the publishing ecology of local young adult novels and the perception of many readers. Odonata Publishing Sdn. Bhd., the pioneer of this trend, has successfully encouraged reading culture among young readers and creating more opportunity in local publishing market. Many publishers follow the footsteps of Odonata Publishing and the sales increased tremendously. This article explores the creation ethics of the best-selling local young adult novel on the market by text analysis. Through close reading, found that some of these reading materials did not portray ethical for children’s literature, which from the point of educational aspects, moral values and aesthetic value. Some publishers and authors try their best to cater to children's reading habits in publishing and writing, and the orientation of commercial writing is becoming increasingly prominent, whilst ignore the principle of a good and educational aspects such as ethics of creativity, value orientation and aesthetic value that a children's reading material should have. Keywords: young adult novel, ethics of creativity, value orientation, aesthetic value
Language Use Among The Hakkas in The Netherlands
Abstract Background. Chinese migration to Europe brought speakers of various Sinitic languages from various multilingual to predominantly monolingual countries with well established standard languages. Cultural and linguistic variation inside the Chinese community forms different intersecting Chinese identities among first-generation migrants and presents a showcase of a new urban linguistic diversity, as well as global connectedness. The Hakkas constitute an important Sinitic migrant group in this context. Material & method. With the help of the Benelux Tsung Tsin Hakka Association, 115 questionnaires and 21 qualitative interviews with Hakkas in the Netherlands have been collected. This study focuses on language competence, language use and everyday communicative practices, both quantitatively and qualitatively, followed by a study on language attitudes. Analysis. The Hakkas of the Netherlands are all well-versed in Dutch and well integrated into society. They immigrated from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds but connect with each other at the level of a shared Hakka identity. One group of Hakkas has ties to Hong-Kong and Guangdong, they have a strong tendency to use the Cantonese language as their first language; old speakers reflect earlier linguistic variation and often speak smaller sub-varieties of Cantonese and Hakka. Contrary to second-generation Hakkas, even young migrants and students from Suriname speak Hakka as their family language. The Hakka migrants are often also able to use Mandarin Chinese. Community members value Hakka but are generally aware that it is unlikely to be maintained in the future. Conclusions. Language shift appears to be the likely outcome for small minority languages in superdiverse societies with a strong preference for school-mediated standard languages (Dutch, English), even the superordinate language(s) of the migrant community become the new ingroup language – in this case Cantonese, but also Putonghua. Keywords: Hakka, language and migration, multilingualism, language shift, superdiversity.
The Contribution of “Yizhuan”to the Information Structure of “Zhouyi”
Abstract The information content of Zhouyi consists of two parts: Jing and Zhuan. The information structure is divided into three levels: natural ecology, social culture and ideological concept. The supplement and elucidation of Yijing in Yizhuan is an important factor for its systematization and scientization. Yizhuan made a creative contribution to the construction of Zhouyi information system. Keywords: Zhouy, Yizhuan, Yijing, information structure
Writings on the Rubber Estates in the YuanQui Sanji by Malaysian Chinese writer Bing Gu
Abstract Bing Gu’s prose on rubber estates occupies an important position in the history of Malaysian Chinese literature. His prose mainly describes diverse Malaysia's scenery, life in rural areas, local customs, and its habitants, at the same time exhibiting strong personal lyrical nature with regional characteristics. His prose also narrates his personal experience intersecting with the hard life of rubber workers, the rubber estate construction, and the language medium in such rubber estate. These words are not only his personal experience, but they are also historical witnesses. They document the development of the rubber plantation industry in Malaysia. Based on thorough reading, this article analyzes Bing Gu’s upbringing and his literacy background, the construction of the rubber estate, and the language medium in it from the era background and artistic expression perspective, and further explores its artistic characteristics. Keywords: Bing Gu, Malaysian Chinese literature, Malaysian Chinese prose, writings on the rubber estates, YuanQui Sanji
Writable and Unwritable: Writing about Death in Mahua Children’s Novels
Whether in the East or the West, children's literature aims at promoting mental development, joy, cheerfulness, and happiness. “Truth, goodness, beauty” and “love” are common themes in children's literature, and it rarely touches on issues of death. However, in real life, children cannot completely avoid themselves from facing the impact of death.If children's literature is completely isolated from the topic of death, it will undoubtedly miss the opportunity for the young readers to think about issues of death through reading. Therefore, how to address issues of death in children's literature is a question that publishers, authors, teachers and parents need to discuss. This article uses Mahua children’s novels as an example to discuss the difficulties, expressions, and educational significance of children’s literature in dealing with issues of death. 摘要 不论在东西方，少儿文学以益智、怡情、明朗、欢乐为旨归，“真善美”和“爱”是常见的主题，较少碰触到死亡议题。然而在现实生活中，少年儿童也无法完全回避面对死亡的冲击。若在少儿文学中彻底与死亡议题切割，无疑错失让少儿读者通过阅读去思考死亡的机会。因此，如何在少儿文学作品中碰触死亡，是出版社、作者、老师以及家长需要探讨的问题。本文将以马华少儿长篇小说为例，探讨少儿文学处理死亡议题的难题、表达形式，以及教育意义。
A Study on “Putonghua” and “Hometown of Putonghua”
This study examines the concept of “Putonghua” again, focusing on the fact that Hebei Luanping region is called “Hometown of Putonghua (普通话之乡)”, and analyzes and compares the phonological systems of Beijing dialect and Luanping dialect based on field research. After the discussion, it was discussed whether Luanping was suitable for the nickname “Hometown of Putonghua”. Considering the concept of “Putonghua”described in this text and the linguistic and historical aspects of Beijing and Luanping regions, the expression “Hometown of Putonghua” by Luanping lacks a reasonable and practical basis, and at least this It is not considered to be a clear way of expression. Therefore, continuing to refer to Luanping as “Hometown of Putonghua” is likely to only further spread misunderstandings about the concept of Putonghua, so changing it to“Putonghua collection point (普通话采集点) ” is considered as a more appropriate expression. Keywords: Putonghua, the hometown of Putonghua, Beijing dialect, Luanping dialect, phonological comparison 摘要 本研究主要基于对河北滦平方言的实地考察和现有材料中有关北京话的记载，对比和分析两种方言的共时语音体系和历时语音演变特征，同时综合“普通话”这一称说方式的产生、演变及其内涵和外延等方面的讨论，重新思考河北滦平被称为“普通话之乡”是否合理？通过讨论，本研究认为滦平是“普通话之乡”的表述不够准确，也缺乏实际依据。如果继续将滦平称为“普通话之乡”，则十分有可能进一步加深对普通话概念的误解，综合考虑，本文建议将其改为“普通话采集点”。“普通话之乡”这一“不适当的概念”之所以延续至今并不断扩散，一方面和当地民众缺乏专业知识时有关部门并未及时纠正相关，另一方面也和学界至今没有明确“适当的概念”，也没有做好推广普及工作相关。 关键词：普通话，普通话之乡，北京话，滦平方言，音韵比较
Negotiation and Adaptation: The Transcultural Practice in The Garden of Evening Mists
The Garden of Evening Mists (2012), written by Malaysian Chinese writer Tan Twan Eng, is set mainly in Malaya during the 1940s and 1950s. It tells the story of the relationship between the Straits-born Chinese, Teoh Yun Ling, who had been imprisoned in an internment camp during the Japanese Occupation, and a Japanese gardener, Nakamura Aritomo, who lived in seclusion in Cameron Highlands and taught her how to build a Japanese garden to commemorate her deceased sister. The story depicts their evolving relationship from initial rejection to becoming mentor and apprentice, and finally intimate lovers. As the aging Yun Ling discovers her health declining, experiencing frequent headaches and memory loss, she decides to retire early from her position as a judge and return to Yugiri, where she once lived with Nakamura Aritomo. She embarks on a journey of memorizing and remembering. Through Yun Ling’s reminiscence of the past life and her reflection on the real life, it can be found that she changes her attitude towards Japanese culture from conflict to gradual acceptance, as well as the rethinking of her Chinese culture. In the multicultural Malaysia, Yun Ling’s negotiation and adaptation with different cultures demonstrate the characteristics of transcultural practice. Keywords: Tan Twan Eng, The Garden of Evening Mists, transcultural practice, Malaysian Chinese literature 摘要 马来西亚华裔英语作家陈团英的《夕雾花园》（2012）以二十世纪四五十年代的马来亚为主要背景，讲述了日据时期曾经被关押在日本拘留营的海峡华人张云林和隐居在金马伦高原的日本园艺师中村有朋之间的故事。云林为了纪念在战争中去世的姐姐，跟随中村有朋学习日式造园技艺。二人的关系经历了从相互排斥到成为师徒再到发展成亲密爱人的演变过程。当年老的云林发现自己的身体出现状况，时常头疼并且记忆力消退时，她决定提前退休离开法官席，回到曾经与中村有朋生活过的夕雾花园，开启一场“忆”与“记”的旅程。通过云林对过往生活的追忆与现实生活的反思，可以发现她对于外来的日本文化由冲突到逐渐涵化的转变过程，以及在这一过程中对于自身原有的华人文化的再思考。在马来西亚的多元文化环境下，云林与不同文化之间的协商和调适，具备跨文化实践的特征。 关键词：陈团英，夕雾花园，跨文化实践，马来西亚华人文学
The Kunming Circle of Modernism Poetry in China: The Risen & Fallen of Southwest Associated University Poetry Community / 中国现代主义诗歌的昆明大阵——西南联大诗歌群落的崛起与殒落
Abstract The Southwest Associated University was originally a major university in the rear of the Anti-Japanese War. Because of the presence of British poet and new critic William Empson and the first poet Feng Zhi of the Republic of China, Mu Dan, Du Yunxie, Zheng Min, Wang Zuoliang, and many other "seeds of the poetry of the Associated University", it became the stronghold of Chinese modernist poetry at that time, smoothly maintaining the operation of poetry aesthetics in the Guomindang District, and also created many significant modernist poetries. From the perspective of the literary image, it is a large Kunming array guarding Chinese modernist poetry. This article is closely tied to the background of war, from the cultural geography of Kunming, the war experience of individual poets, and the inheritance of modernist poetry aesthetics, it analyzes a batch of top poems from troubled times. The poetry community of Southwest Associated University was able to write the most glorious poems of their lives during the Anti-Japanese War, which is also a miracle in the history of poetry. Keywords: Southwest Associated University, modernist poetry, Mu Dan, Feng Zhi
Identity Challenge, Anxiety and Reinvention in Tash Aw's "Five Star Billionaire" / 欧大旭《五星豪门》的身份挑战、焦虑与重塑
欧大旭《五星豪门》的身份挑战、焦虑与重塑 摘要
Keberkesanan dan Praktikal Ujian Simulasi dan Ujian Lisan dalam Penilaian Kursus Bahasa Mandarin
Keberkesanan dan Praktikal Ujian Simulasi dan Ujian Lisan dalam Penilaian Kursus Bahasa Mandarin NGIEN Ming Ming, WEE Sheau Ping (Akademi Pengajian Bahasa, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Sarawak) Syah Runniza Binti Ahmad Bakri (Fakulti Sains komputer dan Matematik, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Sarawak) LIEW Yit Lian (Fakulti Sains Gunaan, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Sarawak) Abstrak Pandemik Covid-19 telah mengubah landskap pendidikan dari pembelajaran tradisional kepada pembelajaran secara atas talian. Pelajar bukan sahaja perlu menyesuaikan diri dengan norma baru ini, bahkan pendidik juga tidak dikecualikan. Kebanyakan pendidik bukan sahaja perlu melakukan aktiviti pengajaran secara atas talian, juga perlu mengalih penilaian akademik dalam talian. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji keberkesanan dan praktikal ujian simulasi dan ujian lisan dalam penilaian kursus Bahasa Mandarin. Pelajar dari program Ijazah Sarjana Muda Teknologi dan Pengurusan Perladangan UiTM cawangan Sarawak yang mengambil kursus Bahasa Mandarin Permulaan Tahap 1 sebagai subjek kajian. Instrumen kajian adalah dua kaedah ujian iaitu ujian simulasi main peranan dan ujian lisan soal jawab. Dalam pendekatan komunikatif telah menekankan penguasaan dan penggunaan bahasa yang dipelajari sebagai alat komunikasi harian, penilaian adalah penting untuk mengukur keupayaan pelajar untuk menguasai bahasa ketiga yang mereka pelajari. Sintaksis, konsonan awalan, fonem akhiran dan nada adalah empat perspektif yang diutamakan dalam penilaian. Markah ujian yang dikumpul selepas kedua-dua ujian tersebut akan dianalisis dengan kaedah kuantitatif, namun pengukuran markah secara kuantitatif tidak dapat memberikan satu gambaran yang meyeluruh dan mendalam justeru kajian ini dilanjutkan dengan kaedah kualitatif. Pengkaji meletakkan diri sebagai pemerhati dalam kedua-dua ujian tersebut agar dapat memperoleh data-data yang menyeluruh dari segi tahap penyuaraan dan penguasaan bahasa Mandarin pelajar. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa ujian simulasi lebih berkesan daripada ujian lisan, dapatan kajian menunjukkan komponen penilaian ujian simulasi menyediakan pendekatan yang sesuai untuk pelajar mencapai kemahiran komunikatif bahasa Mandarin yang lebih baik. Kesimpulannya, cadangan dicadangkan untuk penambah baikan pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa Mandarin sebagai kursus bahasa ketiga. Kata kunci: penilaian, simulasi, ujian lisan, bahasa Mandarin Effectiveness and Practicality of Simulation Tests and Oral Tests in the Assessment of Mandarin Language Courses NGIEN Ming Ming, WEE Sheau Ping (Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Sarawak) Syah Runniza Binti Ahmad Bakri (Faculty of Computer & Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Sarawak) LIEW Yit Lian (Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Sarawak) Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has shifted the educational environment globally from the traditional face-to-face learning to online learning. Both educators and students have to adapt to these new norms of teaching and learning settings. Most educators not only need to implement online teaching activities, but also to shift those face-to-face academic assessments to online modes. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness and practicality of simulation tests and oral tests in the Mandarin language course. Students from the Bachelor of Technology and Plantation Management program of UiTM Sarawak branch who took the Introductory Mandarin Level 1 course are the study subjects. The research instruments are two test methods, namely role play simulation test and oral question and answer test. The communicative approach emphasises mastery and application of the language learned as a daily communication skill, assessment is essential to measure students' capacity to master the third language they are learning. Syntax, initial consonants, final phonemes, and tones are the four perspectives prioritised in assessments. Quantitative methods are used to assess the test results obtained after two tests, since quantitative scores alone cannot provide a comprehensive and in-depth picture, this study is also supplemented by qualitative methods. In order to acquire thorough data on students' levels of Mandarin proficiency, the researchers acted as observers in both assessments. Our findings show that simulation tests are statistically more effective than the oral test, these results suggest that simulation assessment component provides an appropriate approach for students to achieve better Mandarin communicative skills. In conclusion, recommendations are suggested for improving the teaching and learning of Mandarin as a third language course. Keywords: assessment, simulation, oral test, Mandarin language
Reference and Method: Post Cultural Revolution Writing and Research
文献与方法：后文革写作及其研究 钟怡雯 元智大学中语系 摘要 本论文概述在中国政治气氛变化下，“后文革”的研究文献和非虚构写作现状，以及文革对知识份子的生命史与心灵史的影响。散文以其非虚构的书写特质，可以呈现这种特性，以其非官方、多元的民间史观，留下多元的民间集体记忆，也因此具有跟中共官方历史对话或对抗的功能，包括（1）知识份子和文人以散文、杂文、自传、回忆录、日记等非虚构文体写作的苦难主题；（2）知青作家带着“追忆逝水年华”的怀旧书写；（3）文革除了政治活动，尚有呈现庶民日常的小历史写作，其中包含女性重视细节的文革书写。 关键词：文化大革命，非虚构写作，集体记忆，知青 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reference and Method: Post Cultural Revolution Writing and Research CHOONG Yee Voon Chinese Linguistics & Literature, Yuan Ze University Abstract This paper outlines the research literature on the "post Cultural Revolution" and the current state of non-fiction writing under the changing political climate in China, as well as the impact of the Cultural Revolution on the life and spiritual history of intellectuals. Based on its non-fiction characteristic, prose is able to present an unofficial and pluralistic folk's view of history, in conversation and confrontation with Chinese Communist history to rewrite the literary history. Differences in historical research and a more pluralistic folk's collective memory will be highly concerned in this study. Three dimensions are included: (1) Writings of sufferings in the form of prose, essay, autobiography, diary and memoirs based on intellectuals and literati. (2) Intellectual youth writer with "Remembrance of Lost Time" style of nostalgia writing. (3) Besides political activities, there’re minor history writing on civilian life of common people during period of the Cultural Revolution, including female writings which focus on minutiae. Keywords: The Cultural Revolution, Non-fiction Writing, Collective Memory, Intellectual youth
Penelitian tentang Sejarah dan Budaya Klenteng Boen Bio, Surabaya
Penelitian tentang Sejarah dan Budaya Klenteng Boen Bio, Surabaya Olivia (蕭翡斐) Program Studi Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Kristen Petra Abstrak Semenjak mencapai kemerdekaan pada tahun 1957, Klenteng Boen Bio merupakan salah satu tempat ibadah bagi umat Khong Hu Cu di Surabaya. Klenteng Boen Bio terletak di kawasan Pecinan Surabaya, dengan alamat Jl. Kapasan 131 Surabaya. Klenteng ini berdiri pada akhir abad ke-18, dibangun berdasarkan seni dan budaya masyarakat Tionghoa yang masuk Indonesia sejak abad ke-16. Dalam satu abad lebih ini, Klenteng Boen Bio masih dapat mempertahankan corak budaya masyarakat Tionghoa, khususnya masyarakat Tionghoa Surabaya. Permasalahan yang timbul adalah bagaimana perjalanan sejarah Klenteng Boen Bio di Surabaya? Dan bagian-bagian bangunan terpenting di dalamnya, serta bagaimana keadaan klenteng Boen Bio di Surabaya pada masa modern ini. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan arsitektur Klenteng Boen Bio yang unik, menggabungkan tiga latar budaya, namun tetap menyertakan simbol-simbol Tiongkok. Budaya yang masih ada dan terlihat di Klenteng Boen Bio saat ini. Kata Kunci: Boen Bio, Indonesia, Tiongkok, Tionghoa, Khong Hu Cu, Arsitektur, Ritual, Seni Study on the History and Culture of Boen Bio Temple, Surabaya Abstract Klenteng Boen Bio (Boen Bio Temple) is one of the places of worship for the Confucian community in Surabaya. It is located in the Chinatown area of Surabaya, with the address at Jl. Kapasan 131 Surabaya. This temple was founded in the late 18th century, built on the basis of the arts and culture of the Chinese people who entered Indonesia since the 16th century. In the past century, Boen Bio temple has been able to maintain the cultural features of the Chinese community, especially the Surabaya Chinese community. The problem that arises is how is the historical journey of Boen Bio Temple in Surabaya? And the most important building parts in it, as well as how the condition of Boen Bio temple in Surabaya in modern times. The research results describe the unique architecture of Boen Bio temple, combining three cultural backgrounds, but still incorporating Chinese symbols. Culture that still exists and is seen in Boen Bio Temple today. Keywords: Boen Bio, Indonesia, China, Chinese, Confucianism, Architecture, Ritual, Art
Between Self-identification and National Education: Considering the Migration and Settlement of Ethnic Chinese in Korea
Between Self-identification and National Education: Considering the Migration and Settlement of Ethnic Chinese in Korea KIM Ju-A, LI Yongmei Center for Interdisciplinary Research on China, Kookmin University, South Korea; Department of International Area Studies, Kookmin University, South Korea Abstract The Chinese community in Korea represents an atypical Chinese society. The Hanhua’s (韩华) unique characteristics include its settlement status and personal identification. Why does the Chinese diaspora now call themselves “refugees” after emigrating 140 years ago? What makes them identify as not-fully-settled abroad? First, although they are the oldest overseas Chinese in terms of nationality, they have not fully naturalized in their new country of residence. In terms of identification and a sense of belonging, they remain isolated. Most of the Hanhua’s ancestors are from Shandong Province, but they hold Taiwanese passport; they support Nationalist Party, and maintain inward personal identification as such. The relationship between the diaspora’s residence country and its home country is important leading to key questions that this paper will consider: what happened to this land in just over 100 years? What cultural, social, and political fluctuations did the Hanhua experience? And further, what role did ethnicity-centered education play in formulating their identity? This paper attempts to find the answers by considering the relationship between self-identification and national education. Keywords: Overseas Chinese in Korea, 140 years of relocation, ethnic education, self- identification, national identification 韩国华侨华人的迁徙及定居 金珠雅、李永梅 (韩国国民大学中国人文社会研究所; 韩国国民大学国际地区学系) 摘要 韩国华侨华人社会属于“非典型的华侨社会”。韩华的特殊性在于其定居状况以及身份认同方面。如今，韩国华侨迁移已有140年而他们仍自称为“难民”，究其原因何在？是什么原因让他们漂流至今却仍没有找到落地生根的家呢？首先是国籍方面的原因,虽然他们是最“老”的华侨，但他们的国籍还没有归化为居住国。其次是身份认同和归属感使他们形成了孤立岛，既不属于居住国，又不属于祖籍地。众所周知，韩华的祖籍地大部分来自于山东省，而他们持有的却是“台湾”护照，支持“国民党”，自认为是“台湾民众”。作为分散民（Diaspora）其居住国与本国的关系是至关重要。在短短100多年的时间里，这片土地上到底发生了什么？韩华又经历了怎样的社会动荡？对此，民族教育又起到了什么样的作用？本文将以分散民族的自我认同感与民族教育之间的关系为出发点寻找答案。 关键词：韩华，迁移140年，民族教育，身份认同，国族认同
Electronic Version: Full version 目录/CONTENTS 1-16 伍钧钧（NG Kwan Kwan） 从“慕雅女雅集苦吟诗”析《红楼梦》作者的诗学观 An Analyze of The Dream of the Red Chamber's Authors’ Views of Poetry from the Scene of “Xiangling Racks Her Brain to Write Poetry” 17-31 张祐睿（ZHANG Yourui） “琐语”体小说文体的成立 The Establishment of the “Suo Yu” Style Novel 32-50 邱克威（KHOO Kiak Uei） 关于徐志摩给新加坡道南学校的二幅题签 Xu Zhimo’s Two Calligraphy Written for Singapore Tao Nan School 51-74 钟慧雯（CHOONG Vivien） 马来西亚芙蓉市客家方言词汇概况 A Lexical Overview of Hakka Dialect in Seremban, Malaysia 75-92 GOH Siew Poh Penglibatan Masyarakat Cina dalam Pergerakan Bahasa Kebangsaan Sekitar 1960-an: Kajian terhadap Bulanan Bahasa Kebangsaan National Language Movement and the Chinese Community in 1960s: A Case Study on Bulanan Bahasa Kebangsaan 93-112 颜金顺（GAN Kim Soon） 论沈约《谢灵运传论》之声律说实际上非关四声八病 The Prosody in Xie Ling Yun Zhuan Lun by Shen Yue Actually Is Not Related to the Saying of Four Tones-Eight Defects 113 稿约 Notes for Contributors
征稿启事 《华人文学与文化学刊》 Notes for Contributors Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture, University of Malaya
Following the Monsoon towards the Tropics: Discussion on Lin Jin Ren's Poetry in Nanyang 循着季风航向热带：论林景仁多重视域下的南洋书写
循着季风航向热带：论林景仁多重视域下的南洋书写 摘要 台湾日治时期古典诗人林景仁（1893-1940），板桥林家二房林尔嘉长子，三岁时便与父亲林尔嘉举家内渡厦门，他身处多国汇聚的租界厦门鼓浪屿，后来婚后因经商关系寓居南洋。林景仁在南洋期间完成了《摩达山漫草》（1915-1917）、《天池草》（1918-1919），而后在台湾完成《东宁草》 (1922-1923 ），一度在 1932 年赴任满洲国外交部欧美科长。目前现阶段的研究成果，大多聚焦在林景仁南洋踪迹的关系研究上，拼凑 林景仁在南洋谜一般的生活及交友轨迹。再者，从林景仁的文本中连结汉诗写作与文化认同。妻子张福英《娘惹回忆录》的出版，补足了林景仁先前比较不被认识的南洋生活面貌。然则，以 文化遗民 解释传统文人到南洋是否是唯一视角？还是应该以他的 经商移民 作为观看方式？当林景仁的南洋移动轨迹立体化后，本文试图在这些史料和研究基础上，本文想再追问的是：林景仁这样一种非典型的传统文人知识分子流动到驳杂的南洋，如何表述南洋殖民地的复杂语境？再者，当他看见同样来南洋经商且定居的 华侨 时，又关注了哪些层面？最后，林景仁又是在这样深具 中国文化痕迹的南洋时，如何回望心中的故乡？透过这些问题的提问，本文欲以流动的视角切入，进而辩证林景仁在重构南洋图象时具有去中心／多重中心的比较视角，亦即自身所述的原乡不只是中原，更是厦门、台湾；接续，提出他南洋诗作中所欲折射出对中国的积弱不振感到不耐，致使他对中国想象产生裂变。 关键词：林景仁, 南洋, 跨境流动. 华侨, 原乡 Following the Monsoon towards the Tropics: Discussion on Lin Jin Ren's Poetry in Nanyang Abstract Lin Jin Ren (1893 1940), a classical poet in Taiwan during the Japanese Occupation, and a member of The Lin Ben Yuan Family (板桥林本源家族). During his stay in Nanyang, he completed the writing of classical Chinese poems Voyage (摩达山漫草) and In Lake Toba (天池草). The current research results are mostly focused on the relationship about Lin Jin Ren's traces in Southeast Asia. Also, it links the writing of Chinese poetry and cultural identity from Lin Jin Ren's text. The publication of Memoirs of Nyonya (娘惹回忆录) by his wife, Queeny Chang, complements Lin Jin Ren's previously unknown life in Nanyang. On the basis of these historical materials and research, what I am trying to ask is: How does Lin Jin Ren wrtie Nanyang? When he saw the "overseas Chinese" who also came Nanyang for business and settled down, what levels did he pay attention to? Finally, how does Lin Jin Ren think his hometown? Through the questions, this article intends to approach from a fluid perspective, and then dialectically demonstrate that Lin Jin Ren has a decentralized/multi centered comparative perspective when reconstructing Nanyang images, that is, the hometown he describes is not only the Central Plains, but also Xiamen and Taiwan; continue, suggesting that what he wanted in his Nanyang poems reflected his impatience with China's weakness, which caused his imagination to split. Keywords: Lin Jin Ren, Nanyang, cross border movement, overseas Chinese, hometown
Children's Literature Creation of Nian Hong Under the Perspective of Adult 年红成人本位视域下的儿童文学创作
年红成人本位视域下的儿童文学创作 摘要 年红是马来西亚资深的儿童文学作家，自1957年马来西亚独立后开始创作至今，共出版了86本儿童文学作品。他积极推广马华儿童文学，创办南马文艺研究会,其贡献获得了国内外机构的肯定，多次受邀到多个国家主讲“儿童文学”的课题。本文通过文本细读，分析年红作品中儿童人物的特点，探讨年红如何借由作品教育儿童读者，尤其是选择站在成人本位的视角，在作品中塑造华人传统视域下的儿童形象并探究其背后的原因，以及成人本位写作手法对当代马来西亚儿童文学的影响。 关键词：年红, 马华文学, 华文儿童文学, 儿童观, 成人本位 Children's Literature Creation of Nian Hong Under the Perspective of Adult Abstract Nian Hong is an established Children’s Literature author of Malaysia, actively publishing since Malaysia’s independence in 1957 till today. With 86 Children’s Literature works under his belt, he has been actively promoting Malaysian Chinese Children’s Literature and founded the Literary Arts Research Association of South Malaya. His contributions to the field garnered praise and affirmation by domestic and international institutions, with him being invited to deliver lectures on the topic of Children’s Literature in various countries. Through close reading, this text attempts to analyse the child characters in Nian Hong’s stories, investigate how his works are educating its young readers through the perspective of an adult, explore the reasons behind him shaping characters morality from the expectations of traditional Chinese culture and how writing from the adult perspective influenced the field of Malaysian Children's Literature in that era. Keywords: Nian Hong, Malaysian Chinese literature, Chinese children’s literature, child’s point of view, perspective of adult
An Exploratory Study of the Connotation of “True” Life through Jing-Hao’s Painting Techniques 荆浩《笔法记》中“真”的生命意涵初探
荆浩《笔法记》中“真”的生命意涵初探 摘要 本文尝试以跨文化（cross-cultural）与陌生化（defamiliarization）的回观视角，找出荊浩美学作为中国文化美学的独特性。中国美学的独特性得以彰显，我一直认为这必然是经过某种程度的比较，尤其是中西文化之間的比较。虽然，对我们现代人而言中国的古代美学，是一个我们永远都无法回到的特定历史环境，以及真切地去体会作者的真正情境，但是我依然相信我们可以将古人的思想结晶，带到我们生活的当下，参与我们的生活语境，让我们重新发现荆浩《笔法记》中所隐藏的生命意涵。这种具有深刻意义的生命意涵，即便生活于一个西方唯尚的现代语境中的我们，依然可以回望这独有的文化特征，在我们日常生活中产生深刻的影响。这跨文化的回观视角，不仅可以说明中国古代文化具有一个一脉相传而不曾间断的传统，更可以在面对西方的当下，显得中国古代文化一点也不会逊色。 关键词：荆浩，跨文化，陌生化，笔法记，山水 An Exploratory Study of the Connotation of “True” Life through Jing-Hao’s Painting Techniques Abstract This paper, through the use of cross-cultural perspective and defamiliarization techniques, makes an Aesthetics Life analysis of Jing-Hao’s A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy and exemplifies the uniqueness of Chinese aesthetics. The uniqueness of Chinese aesthetics is manifested mainly in the comparison between Chinese and Western cultures. Although it is not possible to return to the Jing-Hao’s specific historical environment to truly appreciate the author’s circumstances, we still can evoke the embodiment of his beliefs to the moments of our lives and show how they are still relevant in the context of modern living. A cross-cultural retrospective perspective can show that Chinese culture has a long and unbroken cultural tradition and is comparable to Western culture. Keywords：Jing-Hao, cross-cultural, defamiliarization, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy, landscape
On Chen Kuilong’s Poetry Exchange of “Rejoin the Luming Feast” and the Mentality of the Surviving Adherents of the Qing Dynasty 论陈夔龙重宴鹿鸣唱和之遗民心态书写
论陈夔龙重宴鹿鸣唱和之遗民心态书写 摘要 民国二十二年（1933）陈夔龙适逢重宴鹿鸣之期，征和海内，成为当时清遗民文化圈的一场盛事。清遗民借这场重宴鹿鸣唱和的“表演”，书写出自己于清民易代的隐微心态。参与唱和的大多都是身负前清科举功名的遗民及旧式文人。他们延续清代重宴鹿鸣唱和的传统，通过一唱众和的形式，回溯从光绪元年（1875）恩科中举到民国二十二年（1933）重宴鹿鸣间的历史，表现出对于科举制度的缅怀与昔日功名的眷恋。时殊世异，陈夔龙重宴鹿鸣唱和已经从传统的主题“耀科名而彰人瑞”转变“为汐社、月泉更添一故实”。清遗民通过遗民话语系统，表现出与历朝历代相似的故国愁绪，特别是非遗民受唱和背景与投赠对象的影响，亦表现出一致性的特征。在社会变革、文化转型的背景下，陈夔龙等遗民乃至旧式文人通过唱和沟通声气，保存旧体诗词创作的薪火，并表达出对以经学为代表的中国传统学术失传的担忧。 关键词：陈夔龙，重宴鹿鸣，唱和，遗民 On Chen Kuilong’s Poetry Exchange of “Rejoin the Luming Feast” and the Mentality of the Surviving Adherents of the Qing Dynasty Abstract Chen Kuilong rejoined the “Luming Feast” and the poetry exchange in 1933. Most of the poets who participated in the activity were the survivors of the Qing dynasty. They continued the tradition of “Rejoin the Luming Feast” of the Qing dynasty and traced back the history of the late Qing dynasty, displaying their nostalgia for the imperial examination system and their attachment to past achievements and fames. As times have changed, the traditional theme of Chen Kuilong‘s “Rejoin the Luming Feast” has been changed from celebrating the honour of the Imperial Examination System to the theme of the surviving adherents of the former dynasty. They showed the same mood of the country as in previous dynasties through the discourse system of the surviving adherents of a former dynasty. Chen Kuilong and other deceased citizens expressed their concern about the loss of traditional Chinese learning represented by the study of classics under the context of social transformation and cultural transformation. Keywords: Chen Kuilong, Rejoin the Luming Feast, poetry exchange, surviving adherents of a former dynasty
Inheritance of Chaozhou Folk Literature in Singapore and Malaysia: Mahan Rewriting Old Stories for and Malaysia 潮州民间文学在新马的传承：马汉儿童文学的再创作
潮州民间文学在新马的传承：马汉儿童文学的再创作 摘要 潮汕民间故事是潮汕人在长期的社会生产和生活实践中创造的、以口头形式世代相传下来的散文叙事文学。马汉的华族民间故事集《恶嫂嫂变猴子》有12篇潮州民间故事，是广义的民间故事，即包括潮州民间神话、民间传说以及民间故事在内。本文探讨马汉对潮州民间故事改写，在新马传播潮州文化的贡献和作品特色，以及作品发挥着传承地方文化知识的功能。 关键词：潮州，民间故事，马汉，传播潮州文化 Inheritance of Chaozhou Folk Literature in Singapore and Malaysia: Mahan Rewriting Old Stories for and Malaysia Abstract The Chaozhou (Teochew) folktales are prose narrative literatures that have been created by Chaozhou people in the long-term social production and life practice and passed down from generation to generation. Mahan’s Chinese folk literature collection "Ferocious Aunt Turned into a Monkey" collected 12 Chaozhou folktales stories. This article explores Mahan's rewriting of Chaozhou folktales, the contribution of Chaozhou culture in Malaysia and Singapore, and also the characteristics of his works, as well as his ability to inherit local cultural knowledge. The folktales discussed are general folktales, including Chaozhou folk myths, folklore and folktales. Keywords: Chaozhou, folk story, Mahan, Spreading Chaozhou culture
Defend Defend thethe “Dao”: Zhu Xi“Dao”: Zhu Xi--Ning’s Rural NationalityNing’s Rural Nationality 一心卫道：朱西宁的乡野民族性
一心卫道：朱西宁的乡野民族性 摘要 在拨开反共文学的官方统治与三剑客遮蔽性的重重迷雾之下，朱西宁1950至1970的乡土小说在非反共即怀乡之外隐含着一个乡野传说谱系的建构可能，朱西宁将他在反共文学当中未竟其功的“道”镕铸于乡野传说当中，1956年是朱西宁创作生命的一次重大转向，他将目光聚焦在大陆北方的乡野之上，不论是山东或是江苏，在小说中都刻意被抹去，透过大量想像无限制的膨胀乡野，形塑出隐其名却煞有介事的传奇故事，乡野被放大为文化中国的符码，也是文学境界追寻的演武场，更成为安放他内心对中华民族热爱最理想的所在,试图在中国北方乡野之上建构出民族热爱。 关键词：朱西宁，乡野传说，卡罗皮尔森，内在英雄 Defend Defend thethe “Dao”: Zhu Xi“Dao”: Zhu Xi--Ning’s Rural NationalityNing’s Rural Nationality Under the fog of the official rule of anti-communist literature and the concealment of the Three Musketeers, Zhu, Xi-ning's rural novels from 1950 to 1970 implied the possibility of constructing a pedigree of rural legends besides being nostalgic or anti-communist, Zhu, Xi-ning casts his unfulfilled "Dao" in anti-communist literature into rural legends, 1956 was a major turn in Zhu, Xi-ning’s creative life. He focused his attention on the countryside in the northern part of the mainland, whether it was Shandong or Jiangsu, which was deliberately erased from the novel, through a large number of imaginations, the unlimited expansion of the countryside. , Forming an incognito but intriguing legend, the countryside has been enlarged as a symbol of cultural China, it is also a martial arts field pursued by the literary realm, and it has become the ideal place to put his inner love for the Chinese nation. Attempt to construct national love on the countryside of northern China. Keywords: Zhu, Xi-ning, Rural legend, Carol S. Pearson, The Hero Within
JOURNAL OF CHINESE LITERATURE AND CULTURE 马来亚大学华人文学与文化学刊 Vol.8 , No. 2 (第八卷 第二期)，December 2020 CONTENTS 目录 陈大为 CHAN Tah Wei 中国现代主义诗歌的昆明大阵——西南联大诗歌群落的崛起与殒落 The Kunming Circle of Modernism Poetry in China: The Risen & Fallen of Southwest Associated University Poetry Community 李嘉勋 LI Chia Hsun 一心卫道：朱西宁的乡野民族性 Defend the “Dao”: Zhu Xi Ning’s Rural Nationality 孙彦莊、谢依伦 SENG Yan Chuan, CHIA Jee Luen 潮州民间文学在新马的传承：马汉儿童文学的再创作 Inheritance of Chaozhou Folk Literature in Singapore and Malaysia: Mahan Rewriting Old Stories for Children 尚鹏 SHANG Peng 论陈夔龙重宴鹿鸣唱和之遗民心态书写 On Chen Kuilong’s Poetry Exchange of “Rejoin the Luming Feast ” and the Mentality of the Surviving Adherents of the Qing Dynasty 陈凯伦 TAN Kai Loon 荆浩《笔法记》中“真”的生命意涵初探 An Exploratory Study of the Connotation of "True" Life through Jing Hao's Painting Techniques 张泰忠、潘碧丝 TEO Thai Chong, FAN Pik Shy 年红成人本位视域下的儿童文学创作 Children's Literature Creation of Nian Hong under the Perspective of Adult 张怡宁 ZHANG Yi Ning 循着季风航向热带：论林景仁多重视域下的南洋书写 Following the Monsoon towards the Tropics: Discussion on Lin Jin Ren's Poetry in Nanyang 稿约 Notes for Contributors
马来亚大学华人文学与文化学刊 JOURNAL OF CHINESE LITERATURE AND CULTURE 第八卷 第一期 （2020年6月） Vol. 8, No. 1 (June 2020) 目录 CONTENTS WEN Wei, WONG Danny Tze Ken The Development of Cantonese Chinese Community in the Klang Valley, 1860- 1941 释显性、郑庭河（CHIN Yi Chun, CHING Thing Ho） 马来西亚佛学院之组织与发展（1970-2019） Organisational Structure and Development of Malaysian Buddhist Institute (1970- 2019) 何启才（HO Kee Chye） 从管制到自治：简论马来西亚华人新村的发展与现况 From Controlled to Self-Governance: The Development and Status Quo of The Chinese New Villages in Malaysia 廖朝骥（LIAW Joe Siau Chi） 通敌与效忠：印度尼西亚对马来西亚 1964 年大选的干预 Traitors and Patriots: Indonesia's Intervention in the Malaysia General Election of 1964 李国正、余晓萍（LI Guozheng, Yu Xiaoping） 黄典诚先生《切韵》音系研究综述 A Review of Phonological Studies on Qieyun by Mr. Huang Diancheng 宋燕鹏（SONG Yanpeng） 马来亚大学东亚图书馆中文线装书历史札记 王唯洲（WANG Wei-zhou） 【书评】乌托邦，或异托邦——评王德威著《华夷风起：华语语系文学三论》 Book Review: Utopia, or Heterotopias: On David Der-wei Wang's Sinophone: Three Theories of Sinophone Literature 稿约 Notes for Contributor
马来亚大学华人文学与文化学刊 征稿启事 《华人文学与文化学刊》是马来亚大学中文系学术性刊物，暂定为半年刊，期以提供学者与研究生们一个发表研究成果的平台。我们征收与古今华人文学、文化相关的稿件，类型包括论文与书评，以中、英、马来文书写均可。本刊采取同行匿名审稿制，学刊编者对来稿有最终删改权。 Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture, University of Malaya Notes for Contributors The Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture is a multi-disciplinary journal published bi-annually to provide a platform for excellent academicians or postgraduate students to publish their research findings. Contributions of articles based on original research are invited from scholars working in the field of Chinese literature and culture. We welcome manuscripts or book reviews written in Chinese, English or Malay language. The editorial board reserves the right to edit all articles.
乌托邦，或异托邦——评王德威著《华夷风起：华语语系文学三论》 Utopia, or Heterotopias: On David Der-wei Wang’s Sinophone: Three Theories of Sinophone Literature
【书评】 乌托邦，或异托邦——评王德威著《华夷风起：华语语系文学三论》 Utopia, or Heterotopias: On David Der-wei Wang’s Sinophone: Three Theories of Sinophone Literature 王唯州（马来西亚博特拉大学外文系） WANG Wei-zhou (Department of Foreign Languages, Universiti Putra Malaysia)
马来亚大学东亚图书馆中文线装书历史札记
马来亚大学东亚图书馆中文线装书历史札记 宋燕鹏（中国社会科学院社科出版社）