SHADING AND VEGETABLE-BREAD-FISH WASTE COMPOST EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF FIELD GROWN ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA KESAN TEDUHAN DAN KOMPOS SISA SAYURAN-ROTI-IKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA DI LADANG
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Abstract
Medicinal herb production has become more challenging nowadays as it is demanded, as far as possible, to avoid chemical fertilizers and other agrochemicals for higher quality of the produce. The present study was a split plot experiment conducted to examine the effect of shading and application of compost derived from dumped brassica vegetable-dumped or expired bread-fish gill and internal organ (3:2:1) wastes towards growth and yield of Andrographis paniculata grown in open field as alternative to conventional organic fertilizers in current market. Main plots were plots of full sunlight and 50% relative light intensity (RLI) as achieved by commercial 50% shade netting. Within each main plot, sub plots of treatments at 0 g compost + 5 g nitrophoska (NPK) green/plant, 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g compost/plant, respectively, were laid out at random. Fertilization was carried out only once throughout the production period of eight weeks. Each sub plot treatment was replicated four times, each with three plants per replicate. Results indicated that plant grown under full sunlight combined with application of 100 g compost/plant, or 3 tonnes compost/hectare at 30,000 plants/hectare, was the best, especially in production of leaves as its main economic plant part for the herbal industries. Such inorganic fertilizer free plants were better than the recommended inorganic 5 g NPK green /plant or at a rate of 150 kg/hectare fertilization in production of this medicinal plant.
Keywords: medicinal herb; fertilization; height; stem branching; leaf production
ABSTRAK Penghasilan herba perubatan menjadi kian mencabar kini kerana ianya perlu mengelakkan penggunaan baja kimia atau bahan kimia agro sejauh yang mungkin untuk hasil berkualiti lebih tinggi. Kajian ini adalah eksperimen petak pecah yang dijalankan untuk menentukan kesan teduhan dan aplikasi kompos berasal daripada bahan buangan sayuran brassica-roti buangan atau tamat tempoh makan-sisa insang dan organ buangan ikan (3:2:1) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil Andrographis paniculata di ladang sebagai gantian kepada baja organik yang sedia ada di pasaran. Petak utama adalah petak cahaya penuh dan 50% keamatan cahaya relatif (RLI) yang diperolehi dengan jaring teduhan komersial 50%. Dalam setiap petak utama, sub-petak sebagai rawatan 0 g kompos + 5 g nitrofoska (NPK) hijau/pokok, kompos sebanyak 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/pokok masing-masing adalah dibentang secara rawak. Pembajaan dilakukan hanya sekali sepanjang tempoh pengeluaran selama lapan minggu. Setiap rawatan sub-petak adalah diulangi sebanyak empat kali, setiapnya terdiri daripada tiga pokok. Keputusan menyatakan bahawa tumbuhan bawah cahaya penuh bergabung dengan aplikasi kompos sebanyak 100 g/pokok, atau kompos sebanyak 3 tan/hektar pada kepadatan tanaman 30,000 pokok/hektar, adalah yang terbaik, terutamanya dalam penghasilan daun sebagai bahagian tumbuhan ekonomi utama untuk industri herba. Tumbuhan bebas baja inorganik adalah lebih baik berbanding dengan pembajaan inorganik NPK hijau sebanyak 5 g/pokok atau pada kadar baja 150 kg/hektar dalam penghasilan tumbuhan ubatan ini.
Kata kunci: herba perubatan; pembajaan; ketinggian; pencabangan batang; penghasilan daun
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