Journal Al-Muqaddimah (e-ISSN: 2289-3954 | ISSN: 3120-3345) is a open access journal biannual published by the Department of Islamic History, Civilization and Education, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya. The Journal Al-Muqaddimah is a double blind peer-reviewed online journal dedicated to promoting research in Islamic civilization studies. It publishes research articles, book reviews, and essays in Malay, English and Arabic, with a focus on fields such as Islamic history, education, literature and arts. The journal encourages students and researchers to contribute original work, fostering global academic collaboration. With a multi-disciplinary approach and an editorial board of international scholars, the journal aims to bridge academic communities. The journal is indexed in Google Scholar, Crossref, Index Copernicus International (ICI), Open Ukrainian Citation Index (OUCI), EuroPub and Arab Citation & Impact Factor (Arcif), significantly enhancing its accessibility and visibility within the global academic community.
Department of Islamic History, Civilization and Education, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
By submitting manuscripts to the Al-Muqaddimah, authors agree to transfer copyright to the journal. However, authors may republish their work or grant others permission to republish it; in which case it should be accompanied by a proper acknowledgment that the work was originally published in the Al-Muqaddimah. The journal adopt CC-BY-NC-SA licence which authors may also share and distribute their article anywhere of non-commercial website, social media and repositories immediately on publication. Authors may also reuse the Abstract and Citation information (e.g. Title, Author name, Publication dates) of their article anywhere at any time including social media such as Facebook, blogs and X (Twitter), providing that where possible a link is included back to the article on the journal site.
Fujairah's Castles and Forts as Cornerstones of Urban and Demographic Development: A Study in the History of Fujairah's Forts and Their Impact on the Geographical Environment
This research represents an exploratory attempt employing a historical methodology. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the pivotal role played by castles and forts in the Emirate of Fujairah, where they served as fundamental factors in shaping settlement patterns and influenced the region's urban and demographic development. Moving beyond their original purpose as defensive installations, the study argues that these forts functioned as integrated environmental catalysts that fostered the sedentarization of nomadic communities. They played a primary role in securing vital resources that incentivized human settlement—such as water and agricultural land—and in protecting strategic trade routes. Through investigative case studies of major forts like Fujairah Fort and Al Bithnah Fort, the research explores the symbiotic relationship between a fort and its surrounding settlement. It also addresses the functional transformation of these castles in the modern era, from symbols of tribal authority to icons of national identity and economic resources through cultural tourism. The research concludes that Fujairah's forts were not merely silent witnesses to history but were active drivers in shaping the demographic and economic map of the eastern coast of the United Arab Emirates.
Copyright (c) 2026 Al-Muqaddimah: Online Journal of Islamic History and Civilization https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Religious Coexistence in Ottoman Palestine: A Socio-Historical Study
This study analyzes religious coexistence in Bayt al-Maqdis during the Ottoman rule, focusing on the millet system that regulated religious and social life. The millet system granted autonomy to religious communities but faced challenges such as sectarian tensions among Christian communities and foreign intervention, particularly from Russia and France. These tensions, along with the influence of the Zionist movement on the Jewish community, revealed the system's weaknesses in managing sectarian differences and external influences. The study also examines how Tanzimat reforms transformed the administrative structure and how the millet system adapted to these changes, particularly through the establishment of municipal councils. Overall, the Ottoman millet system provided a space for religious coexistence but was vulnerable to tensions and social changes that challenged political and social stability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Al-Muqaddimah: Online Journal of Islamic History and Civilization https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Rekonstruksi Tamadun dan Wacana Falsafah Dalam Siri Anime Dr. Stone: Suatu Analisis Epistemologi, Etika, Politik dan Kemanusiaan Dari Perspektif Falsafah Moden dan Pemikiran Islam
Analysis of various contemporary discourses can be done through the lens of Islamic thought as an effort to apply the Islamic thought framework in understanding a matter. As an intellectual exercise towards strengthening this discourse, analysis of animation series can be utilized through the Islamic thought approach because anime series from Japan are not just light texts, but contain philosophies that can be pursued. This article examines the Dr. Stone anime series through a philosophical framework that combines modern Western thought and the foundations of Islamic thought with a focus on four dimensions: philosophy of science, philosophy of humanity and the development of civilization, philosophy of moral values ​​and political philosophy. This study uses a qualitative design through thematic content analysis and critical discourse analysis of the Dr. Stone anime series. First, epistemological analysis shows how the character Senku emphasizes truth through scientific experiments and rational prosperity, in line with the Islamic tradition that values ​​knowledge (‘ilm) through reason (‘aql), inductive experiments (tajrībah) and the concept of certainty (yaqīn) in Islamic epistemology. Second, the construction of a new civilization in Dr. Stone reflects the human-nature-technology relationship and can be linked to the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah thought in Islam which emphasizes maṣlaḥah (goodness) and mizan (balance). Third, the conflict of values ​​between the characters shows the conflict between scientific deontology (moral obligation to explore knowledge) and utilitarianism (maximizing benefits); the Islamic approach emphasizes the obligation to seek knowledge and maqāṣid principles such as the preservation of life, mind and property. Fourth, in the political dimension, the struggle for power based on scientific and physical ideologies involving the characters Senku and Tsukasa is depicted and socio-political negotiations only exist when there is a balance of power and interdependence, in line with the concept of shūrā in Islamic thought. By combining anime narratives with the Islamic thought framework, this article contributes to the discourse of restoring civilization through the integration of knowledge, ethics and power structures, and provides a view of the synergy between modern philosophy and Islamic values ​​in the context of civilization development, indirectly providing a guiding example for the method of analyzing animated series according to the Islamic thought framework.
Nilai Kepimpinan Islam dalam Kerajaan Uthmaniyah: Analisis terhadap Empat Pemimpin Utama Pada Era Awal
At a time when the Muslim world is facing a leadership crisis, the early history of the Ottoman Empire offers an opportunity for reflection on how Islamic leadership values were able to shape a great civilization that successfully ruled over three continents for more than six centuries. Although the early history of the Ottoman Empire has been widely discussed, most studies have focused primarily on political, military, and territorial aspects, while the dimension of Islamic leadership values, which in fact served as the foundation of the empire’s strength and longevity, has received relatively little holistic attention. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the Islamic leadership values practiced by the early Ottoman leaders and to assess their relevance to contemporary Muslim leadership. This qualitative study is based on a comparative analysis of four prominent leaders of the early Ottoman period, namely Osman I, Sultan Mehmed II, Sultan Selim I, and Sultan Suleiman I. The findings reveal that leadership values were a decisive factor in the success of Ottoman Empire during its early period. These values not only strengthened the empire’s military power and political authority but also fostered a people-friendly administration respected by other contemporary states. This study contributes to contemporary discourse on the leadership crisis in the Muslim world by offering the Ottoman leadership model as a relevant example and reference for reviving the spirit and values of capable leadership among the younger Muslim generation.
The Quranic Cosmological Argument in Islamic Intellectual History: Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi on the Creation of Heavens In Verse 1 of Surah Al-An'am
This study examines the Quranic cosmological argument as articulated by the classical Ash‘arite theologian and exegete, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606 AH), in his commentary on the first verse of Sūrah al-An‘ām. In an intellectual climate dominated by secular and materialistic worldviews, which posit a purposeless, self-contained universe, this research posits that al-Rāzī’s exegesis offers a sophisticated philosophical rebuttal. The paper delineates how al-Rāzī extrapolates a comprehensive metaphysical architecture from the verse, employing linguistic analysis, geometric analogy, and a rigorous tenfold argument from contingency (dalīl al-imkān) to demonstrate that every aspect of the cosmos, from its macroscopic structure to its fundamental motions, is contingent and thus necessitates a transcendent, voluntary Creator (al-Fā‘il al-Mukhtār). The core of al-Rāzī’s method is shown to be grounded in the Ash‘arite doctrine of occasionalism, which posits God as the sole and direct cause of all events. The study concludes by arguing that this classical framework is not a historical artifact but a vital intellectual tool for deconstructing the metaphysical assumptions of modern atheism, particularly Darwinian and New Atheist claims, and for providing a coherent, theocentric paradigm that reconciles divine sovereignty with a rational understanding of the natural world.
Pendekatan Sejarah Terhadap Pentafsiran Al-Quran: Memahami Wahyu Dalam Konteks Peradaban Kontemporari
This article discusses in depth the historical approach as a critical methodology in contemporary Quranic interpretation. It traces the modern exegetical crisis arising from the pressures of colonialism, modernization, and global civilizational values, and further explains how the historical approach emerged as an epistemological response to make interpretation more dynamic, relevant, and grounded in socio-historical realities. The study emphasizes the shift from the dominance of Bayani epistemology to the integration of Burhani epistemology through the analysis of macro-historical contexts, Jahiliyyah culture, changes in social structures, and geopolitical relations in early Islam. The discussion also engages with key hermeneutical models, such as Fazlur Rahman’s Dual Movement, Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd’s historical dimension of the text, and Muhammad Shahrour’s Shari’ah Hududiyya, which offer methodological frameworks to distinguish between universal ethical principles and contextual laws. Through applications to issues such as gender, usury (riba), and public law reform in modern nation-states, the article demonstrates how the historical approach can restore the Quran’s function in social transformation. Although this approach faces theological polemics—particularly concerning the nature of Kalamullah, the theory of Naskh, and the origins of Western hermeneutics—the study argues that the historical approach can be critically integrated into the Islamic exegetical tradition without undermining the authority of revelation. The article further proposes a Bayani–Burhani methodological synthesis as a foundation for constructing a modern exegesis curriculum that is more responsive to the needs of contemporary society, in line with the objectives of Shariah (maqasid) and universal principles of justice.
The Early Arab Historians’ Approaches to the Biography of Khalid Ibn Al-Walid: A Comparative Critical Study
This article examines the methodologies employed by prominent early Arab historians in studying the biography of the Companion Khalid ibn al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him), focusing on methodological differences and their impact on shaping his historical image. Ibn Ishaq adopted a narrative approach, collecting multiple reports and presenting them in a sequential storytelling format, which imparted an epic dimension to his biography. Al-Waqidi provided extensive accounts of Khalid’s military campaigns, relying on weak chains of transmission that later drew methodological criticism. Ibn Sa’d combined the approaches of hadith scholars and maghazi (military campaign) historians, offering a well-documented and balanced account without resolving contradictions among differing reports. Al-Tabari employed a historical methodology that collected multiple chains of narration and presented them impartially, making his work a significant reference for understanding Khalid’s military and political role. Al-Baladhuri focused on the administrative aspects of Khalid’s conquests, portraying him as a political leader balancing sword and diplomacy, while Ibn Abd al-Barr included Khalid’s biography within his encyclopedic compendium of the Companions, adhering to comprehensiveness and moderation. This methodological diversity resulted in multiple historical portrayals of Khalid, underscoring the necessity of a comparative critical approach that balances reliable narration with objective analysis, free from legendary embellishment or sectarian bias, thereby presenting a comprehensive, multi-dimensional image in Islamic historiography.
The Impact of Transformational Leadership on the Development of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Educational Institutions in Oman
The aim of this research was to study the impact of transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behaviour. To achieve this, the researcher followed the descriptive-analytical approach on a sample appropriate to the research community, consisting of (200) male and female principals. This sample was selected using a deliberate random sampling method. The research tool was a special questionnaire after verifying its psychometric properties. The demographic variables were gender, academic qualifications, and years of experience. The independent variable was transformational leadership, while the dependent variable was organizational citizenship behavior. The study reached a set of results, including the impact of leadership styles and the impact of transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behaviors among second-cycle teachers in the Sultanate of Oman. The study also found that the degree of transformational Leadership practice was very high across all its dimensions (ideal influence, mental stimulation, individual consideration, and inspirational motivation). It was also found that there is an impact of transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behaviors among second-cycle teachers in the Sultanate of Oman, and that there are no statistically significant differences at the level (α=0.05) between transformational leadership and the level of The prevailing organizational citizenship behaviors among teachers in second-cycle schools in the Sultanate of Oman are attributed to the gender variable. It also showed that there are statistically significant differences at the level (α=0.05) between transformational leadership and the level of organizational citizenship behaviors among teachers in schools in the Sultanate of Oman, attributed to the variables of academic degree (bachelor’s) and higher years of experience.
Amani Abdulghani Ramadhan Bait Mustahail
Forts in the United Arab Emirates: Historical Backgrounds and Cultural Roles Between Past and Present
This study addresses the forts in the United Arab Emirates as an extremely important and significant part of the architectural, defensive, and political heritage of the UAE, as these forts represent important historical symbols that reflect a portion of the historical role and strategic importance of the Emirates throughout the ages. The research reviews the historical, geographical, and political backgrounds that contributed to the construction of these forts and their vital role in protecting the people of these lands from external attacks. Therefore, it not only tracks the reasons for their establishment but also focuses on their architectural design and their defensive and political functions. The study also explores how the forts evolved from purely defensive structures to administrative, cultural, and tourist centers over time, pointing to the architectural and technological transformations that influenced their design and the impact they had on their roles at each stage. Furthermore, the research discusses the current efforts to preserve and maintain these forts, including restoration processes and the challenges they face, such as the effects of environmental factors and climate change. Thus, the study represents a valuable contribution to the field of cultural and architectural heritage studies in the United Arab Emirates In support of its distinctive identity, which is considered one of the most important features of its civilizational stability.
Penghayatan Firasat Dalam Al-Quran dan Hadis, Dimensi Kerohanian, Fisiognomi, Perubatan, Pengadilan, Objek Budaya dan Karya Sastera Orang Melayu
Firasat (spiritual intuition) is practiced by the Malays in various dimensions of life: spiritual, physiognomy, medicine, administration of justice, cultural objects and literary works. Each of the practices of firasat in these dimensions demonstrates characteristics and aspects that are specific. This article analyses and develops a series of universal principles from the characteristics and aspects that are contextual in the practice of firasat.
The Role of Zionist Leaders in the Global Clash of Civilizations: An Analytical Study
This research aims to study the role played by the leaders and thinkers of the Zionist movement in fueling the global clash of civilizations, and to analyze this role in light of successive global events, starting with the psychological barrier between Islamic civilization and Western civilization, and to exploit that to bring the West closer together and work to ensure that the West and the Jews are in An anti-Islamic team, and then Zionism’s acquisition of Muslim land in Palestine and the establishment of a national homeland for them, in addition to the West’s full, continuous and unconditional support for the Zionist entity in Palestine, and ensuring its security and stability, which came after a long period of efforts by Zionist leaders to defuse the conflict, And work to stimulate it, Reaping the fruits of this in what we are witnessing in the events of the wars of the Arab-Israeli conflict in general, and what is happening recently in the war on Gaza, and the bloody and genocidal practice that the Zionist entity is practicing in full view of the countries of the West, and the full support of the United States despite its claims - falsely - of civil and humanitarian Motherhood and childhood care, and other bright slogans. However, the role of Zionist leaders is apparent in this Western thought, as if the war between Islam and Christianity was the result of an artificial clash between the Islamic and Western civilizations.
Pengaruh Mitos dan Realiti Terhadap Pembentukan Identiti Masyarakat Jawa
This study explores the relationship between myth and reality in the context of historical and sacred sites in Java, Indonesia, and how these belief narratives shape the cultural and social identity of local communities. As a center of traditional culture, Java has long been a meeting point of mythological elements and historical facts rooted in Hindu, Buddhist, Islamic, and colonial influences. Sites such as Mount Merapi, and Prambanan Temple, are not only recognized for their geographical or historical significance but are also mythologized with stories of sacredness, supernatural beings, and symbols of power. Using a qualitative approach through document analysis and literature review, this research aims to understand how myth is embedded in physical and social spaces, functioning as a tool for socialization, moral education, and the preservation of social structures. Findings reveal that myth and reality are not separate entities but rather support and reflect the cultural values of Javanese society. Myths surrounding sacred places help strengthen local identity, maintain social stability, and assign symbolic meaning to the physical environment. Furthermore, these mythic narratives are continuously recycled through performing arts, religious rituals, and popular media, making them a vital element in contemporary cultural discourse. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of mythic narratives in the cultural and historical landscape of modern Java.
Administrative Empowerment Policies and Their Implementation Procedures Among School Principals In Dhofar Governorate Sultanate of Oman
This study aimed to explore the administrative empowerment policies and the procedures for their implementation among school principals in the Dhofar Governorate of the Sultanate of Oman. The study population consisted of male and female school principals in the region. A qualitative research approach was adopted, utilizing an interview tool structured around two main themes and five key questions. The findings revealed the existence of various empowerment initiatives targeting school leaders, including professional development programs focused on educational leadership, induction training for new teachers, and support for senior teachers. These programs were found to align well with the needs and aspirations of school principals. Additionally, the study identified mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of empowerment policies within school management, such as accountability measures and the continuous improvement of educational outcomes. However, the study also highlighted several challenges. Notably, school principals were often excluded from participating in key educational decision-making processes. There was also a shortage of targeted training on empowerment policies and implementation strategies, along with insufficient incentives to encourage the adoption of empowerment practices among principals and school staff. Based on these findings, the study recommended that the Ministry of Education create a supportive organizational environment that facilitates the practical application of administrative empowerment policies. This includes reconsidering the current incentive and reward systems and developing strategic frameworks to enhance the role of school principals through modern decision-making training and implementation techniques.
Mathila Salim Mohammed Mugaddam Al Mahri
The Conflict Between the Emirs of the State of Nur ad-Din Zangi and Saladin Ayyubi, and the Position of the Abbasid Caliphate On It
The study examines the nature of the relationship between the state of Nur ad-Din Zangi and Saladin Ayyubi, and the position of the Abbasid Caliphate on their conflict. The study's problem lies in how the Abbasid Caliphate dealt with disputes between its nominally subordinate but effectively independent kingdoms, such as the conflict between the Zangids and Saladin Ayyubi. The research discusses the relationship between the Zangids and the Abbasid Caliphate, the reasons for the discord between Nur ad-Din Zangi and Saladin Ayyubi, and the role of the Abbasid Caliphate in this conflict. The findings indicate that the Abbasid Caliphate adopted an ambiguous stance towards the conflict, seeking to achieve its political interests without losing any of the conflicting parties. The study also shows that the Abbasid Caliphate aimed to limit Saladin Ayyubi's influence while maintaining some rights for the Zangids, reflecting the complexity of political relations during that period. Additionally, the study reveals that the Abbasid Caliphate tried to maintain a balance of power among the conflicting parties to achieve relative political stability.
The Extent of Strategic Intelligence Utilization in Human Resource Planning For Crisis and Emergency Management in the Sultanate of Oman
This study primarily aims to examine the extent to which strategic intelligence is utilized in human resource planning to address crises and emergencies in the Sultanate of Oman. It also explores the impact of strategic intelligence on crisis prevention and preparedness in Oman. To achieve the study’s objectives and answer its research questions, a thorough review of related literature and prior studies was conducted, forming the basis for developing the research framework and survey instrument. The study employed the descriptive-analytical method, utilizing a survey approach. Fieldwork was conducted to identify the research population, which included all directors, department heads, officials, specialists, and employees involved in strategic planning and crisis management within public sector institutions in Oman during the 2024-2025 period, totaling 6,045 individuals. A representative sample of 362 participants was selected using Thompson's formula. After validating the survey as a research tool and ensuring its psychometric properties, it was administered to the study population. Statistical analysis of the collected data revealed that strategic intelligence is highly prevalent within the administrative system for crisis and emergency management in Oman. The findings also highlighted the significant role of strategic intelligence in crisis prevention and preparedness. However, the study identified a need for training on employing strategic intelligence in crisis and emergency management. Based on these findings, the study recommends prioritizing the training of human resources on utilizing strategic intelligence and integrating it into specific strategic plans for emergencies. This would enhance the administrative system's capacity for effective and prompt responses to crises and improve preparedness.
Zionisme dan Peranannya Dalam Kejatuhan Turki Uthmaniyah
This article explores the complex role of Zionism in the political and territorial decline of the Ottoman Empire. Drawing on historical accounts, archival documents, and scholarly analyses, the study examines the emergence of the Zionist movement in the late 19th century and its interplay with the geopolitical dynamics of the Ottoman era. It investigates the socio-political aspirations of Zionist leaders, the impact of European colonial interests, and the response of Ottoman authorities to the increasing migration and settlement of Jewish communities in Palestine. The analysis highlights how Zionist ambitions aligned with external pressures, including European powers' strategic exploitation of Ottoman weaknesses, contributing to internal destabilization and territorial fragmentation. By contextualizing Zionism within the broader spectrum of imperial decline, the article provides a nuanced understanding of the interplay between ideological movements, foreign intervention, and domestic challenges in the disintegration of one of history's most enduring empires. This study offers valuable insights into the historical foundations of contemporary Middle Eastern conflicts and their roots in the late Ottoman period.
Copyright (c) 2024 Al-Muqaddimah: Online Journal of Islamic History and Civilization https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Year of Israel's Zionist Attack on Palestine (October 7, 2023-October 7, 2024): The Role of Global Peace Mission (GPM) Malaysia As A Humanitarian NGO
The ongoing conflict in Palestine continues unabated. In fact, the holy land faced escalating pressure as the Israeli Zionist army launched a devastating attack on October 7, 2023, which persists to this day. According to the Palestinian Ministry of Health, the death toll for this war has reached a staggering 42,924 individuals, with 69 percent of them being women and children. Witnessing the deteriorating situation, Global Peace Mission (GPM) Malaysia, a humanitarian organization was mobilized to provide urgent assistance to the affected Palestinians. However, amidst their efforts, they encountered various challenges. Consequently, a qualitative study incorporating content analysis and historical methods was conducted to examine the role of GPM as a humanitarian organization and the challenges encountered during the relief mission. The findings revealed that GPM is a dedicated non-governmental organization that actively supports the Palestinian populace by addressing their immediate requirements, encompassing clothing, sustenance, medication, baby needs, and hygiene kits.
The Nature of Al-Ghazali's Concept of Knowledge and Its Relation to "Negara Zikir" in Brunei Darussalam
Brunei Darussalam as “Negara Zikir” with a conceptual thought that aims to make Brunei Darussalam a developed nation oriented towards building memorable relations and human compliance with the blessings of the Creator based on Islamic governance (hukm al-Islāmī), economics, and other aspects. Therefore, according to Al-Ghazali, in order to realize its prosperity and happiness as a nation, Faith and Taqwa (Islamic piety) are one of the components in it, in line with our mission and vision in Brunei Darussalam to leads Brunei Darussalam as "Negara Zikir". Al-Ghazali considers awareness and knowledge as the most important. He highlights that knowledge is derived from two sources; the senses and the logics, but he considers both of these sources as weak sources which will result in a man to know only the materialistic aspects of the world in which he lives. On the other hand, divine revelation enables him to learn more about the life after death, which he considers as eternal life. In Al-Ghazali’s view, true knowledge is the knowledge of God, His book (Al-Quran Al-Karim), His prophets, His creation, including the kingdoms of earth and heavens. It also includes the knowledge of Shariah as revealed by His Prophet. The concept of knowledge by Al-Ghazali is not available on property or the pleasure of living in this world but for him the world is merely and temporary while the happiness of the hereafter remains in definitive. The objectives of the study are to explain the nature of Al-Ghazali’s concept of knowledge and its relation to “Negara Zikir” in Brunei Darussalam also to demonstrate the importance of Al-Ghazali’s concept of knowledge in developing “Negara Zikir” towards the prosperity and happiness of the nation.
Nur Al-Din Mahmud Zanki's (1146-1174 CE) Perspective On Bayt Al-Maqdis: A Historical Overview
Since the Crusaders' takeover of Bayt al-Maqdis in 1099 CE, several Muslim leaders made efforts to reclaim the holy city. One of them was Nur al-Din Mahmud Zanki of the sixth century AH who gave special consideration to the liberation of Bayt al-Maqdis. He initially attempted to unify the regions in Syria and move the mission towards the liberation of Bayt al-Maqdis. However, some Western writers evaluate Nur al-Din's efforts as purely political with the propaganda of Jihad to liberate Bayt al-Maqdis. This claim is outrightly different from the various sources of early Muslim historians who praised Nur al-Din's efforts. This article discusses the position of Bayt al-Maqdis and the efforts made by Muslim leaders, especially Nur Al-Din throughout his reign under the Zengid Dynasty to liberate Bayt al-Maqdis. This is historical research with a qualitative approach. The primary sources analysed using inductive methods to achieve the desired objectives. Therefore, Nur Al-Din was a leader with a clear vision to recapture Bayt al-Maqdis against the Orientalist allegations of political and military missions.
Sejarah Perkembangan Institusi Pendidikan Islam di Aceh Dari Abad Ke-16 Sehingga Abad Ke-19
The 16th century was the golden age of the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam after the fall of the Malacca Malay Kingdom. The arrival of Islam to Aceh has been welcomed by the local population. Therefore, along with the passage of time, Aceh has reached its glory phase under the rule of Sultan Iskandar Muda. During his reign, various Islamic educational institutions have appeared such as the Balai Setia Ulama, Balai Setia Hukama, Jamaah Himpunan Ulama, meunasah and mosques. With the establishment of this Islamic institution, various Islamic scholars were successfully born such as Hamzah Fansuri and Syamsuddin al-Sumaterani. The development of Islamic educational institutions in Aceh clearly shows the efforts made by Sultan Iskandar Muda to make Islam a way of life in Acehnese society. This study discusses the development of Islamic educational institutions in Aceh from the 16th century to the 19th century and also its contribution to the Islamic world. This study is a qualitative study that uses a library research approach. From the aspect of data collection, it uses documentation methods and data analysis using text and content analysis methods.
Penglibatan Organisasi Bukan Kerajaan (NGO) Dalam Bantuan Kemanusiaan Ke Palestin (Aman Palestin Berhad)
This era of globalization has seen a great increase in Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in developing the country. It started as a small enterprise but has gradually developed in various social, economic and political fields. Each NGO moves in various forms depending on its own mission and purpose. Humanitarian NGOs are the most active NGOs in various countries and are the most important element in ensuring that the harmony of life is well preserved. This causes Malaysian NGOs to be involved in helping to channel humanitarian aid to the victims of the atrocities of the Zionist regime, namely the Palestinian people and the victims of the atrocities of the enemy of Islam in other countries. This study focuses on the Malaysian NGO movement Aman Palestin. The study will include several activities, policies and contributions given to the Palestinian people. The role of NGOs in fighting for the truth, raising awareness issues and providing assistance to some extent has opened the eyes of the whole world including some leaders to ensure that the Palestinian people's dream of achieving independence and freedom will come true one day.
العالم الإسلامي: عوامل القوة وأسباب الضعف؛ دراسة تحليلية في ضوء السياسة الشرعية
The study aimed at identifying the factors of strength in the Islamic world and determining the causes of its weakness in the contemporary reality. The problem of the study lies in the weakness that the Islamic world suffers in the contemporary reality because of several reasons that have caused Muslims' weakness and the delay of the Islamic world in the civilizational competition, although it has the inherent factors of strength qualifying it for leadership and pioneer ship. The study adopted the inductive analytical methodology due to its suitability to the study nature and its ability to realize its goals. The study revealed several key findings, the most important of which is that the Islamic world is not a barren place without vegetation or water. Rather, it is located at the world’s center, holding its borders, controlling its oceans, seas, and navigation routes, and is rich with major rivers, the most fertile lands, and the greatest wealth, which makes it commercially, economically, and militarily important. The potential strengths of the Islamic world include the Islamic unity based on creed and the brotherhood of religion, the availability of natural and human resources. The main causes of the Islamic world’s weakness include intellectual invasion, plans to divide the Islamic world, and weakening the Islamic world in the areas of economy, politics, and security. The researcher recommends unifying Islamic efforts to achieve economic integration that allows the exchange of resources, expertise, goods, and products, and establishing unified Arab Islamic markets, and necessarily creating an Islamic alliance or bloc like the European Union that permits industrial and commercial exchange among all Islamic countries.
معالم التعايش الإسلامي مع أهل الذمة في الأندلس (316ـ-422هـ)
This study examines Islamic dealings with Christians, Jews, and other religions during the time of the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalus. It aims to highlight Islamic coexistence with the people of the Dhimmah and to clarify openness with various peoples, races, and religious, sectarian, and sectarian affiliations. While achieving these two goals, it is evident that this study refutes the violation of human rights in Andalusia. The researchers used narrative, critical, and analytical approaches. To clarify historical facts and events, the results of this historical study demonstrate the interconnection between the inhabitants of Andalusia, provided practical professions and industries. for various segments of society, resulting in improving their social conditions. The findings further show that it encourages material gain, and the spread of the culture of social justice and freedom, and the era of the nobility as well as the different classes ended. Therefore, people became equal, and Muslims worked to eliminate the sources of corruption and deviant morals, such as sex, immorality, indulging in pleasures, cheating, lying, usury, alcohol, and sodomy. Hence, this coexistence contributed to bringing together the elements of civilization: energy, strength, space, and time. It also provided will and optimism, and these foundations raised Andalusian society better. Muslims provided the people of the Dhimmah with everything they needed and made them participate in shaping the features of Islamic civilization on the European continent.
واقع بيئة العمل الإبداعية في أكاديميات الإعلام الرقمي وفق أفضل الممارسات العالمية لإدارة المواهب
This study aimed to identify the reality of the creative work environment represented by (organizational structure, training, technology, incentives, and working conditions) on talent management represented by (planning the workforce of talented people, motivating and developing talented workers, and evaluating the performance of talented workers) in academies. Digital media. The researcher followed the descriptive analysis method. The study derives its importance from researching the relationship of the creative work environment to talent management. The research was chosen due to the lack of organizations’ focus on knowing the importance of the creative work environment that may affect talent management and reflect on their creativity. Therefore, the problem of the study lies in answering the main question: What is the reality of the creative work environment in digital media academies according to the best international practices for talent management? The study was conducted on a random sample, and the study population consisted of all employees of digital media academies, who numbered (250) employees. The sample was selected and distributed electronically according to the sample size determination table developed by Cressy and Morgan, which consisted of (175) employees. The researcher designed a questionnaire to measure the study variables. The study concluded with a set of results, the most prominent of which is that there is a statistically significant effect at the significance level (0.05) of the creative work environment represented by (organizational structure, training, technology, incentives, working conditions) on talent management represented by (planning for a talented workforce, motivating... And developing talented workers, evaluating the performance of talented workers) in digital media academies. The study recommended many recommendations, the most prominent of which were: working to improve the work environment for employees in digital media academies, especially with regard to the organizational structure, training,... incentives, Do not overlook this as it is positively linked to talent management.
الإطار التنظيمي لمؤسسات التمويل الأصغر الإسلامي في السعودية
The research examines the regulatory framework for Islamic microfinance in Saudi Arabia. The research aims to review the government supervisory and regulatory authorities for Islamic microfinance in Saudi Arabia, and to identify the most prominent regulations related to this sector. The research used a descriptive analytical approach, relying on tools for collecting and analyzing qualitative data such as interviews with Islamic microfinance relevant parties, analysis of related reports and documents, as well as benefiting from published reports from the relevant authorities. The research reached a number of findings, including the link between Islamic microfinance and the support of micro-enterprises with the targets of Saudi Vision 2030, the existence of several government supervisory and regulatory authorities for microfinance in Saudi Arabia that work closely to achieve the vision's targets, such as the Saudi Central Bank and the Social Development Bank, the issuance of numerous regulations related to microfinance in Saudi Arabia, and the existence of two types of Islamic microfinance in Saudi Arabia, including the developmental microfinance led by the Social Development Bank, and the commercial Islamic microfinance through banks and financial institutions supervised by the Saudi Central Bank.
الفكر النسوي بين الأديان السماوية والمعتقدات الوثنية (دراسة تحليلية)
This research explores the relationship between Abrahamic religions and pagan beliefs in modern feminist thought. It is using descriptive-analytical methods to review the information and previous literature, and a survey method for a field study at Hassan II University in Morocco, the study details differing opinions on the relationship between feminist thought and Abrahamic religions. It also addresses criticisms of women's roles in these religions, such as Christian, Jewish, and Islamic feminism, and examines the aversion of feminists to religion. The research highlights the intersection between pagan feminist thought and the New Age movement, discussing the risks posed by this influence. Key findings indicate that religious feminist movements aim to eliminate male dominance, but these movements derive from Western philosophies that contradict Islamic views. The new feminist movement's principles align with ancient pagan beliefs, promoted by the New Age movement through the media. The study recommends protecting society, especially women, from suspicious pagan ideas and preventing the spread of feminist and New Age thoughts, to maintain adherence to Islamic teachings and preserve the identity of Islamic society.
Contemporary Muslim Women In Northern Nigeria: Challenges and Prospect
Contemporary Muslim women in Northern Nigeria are facing numerous challenges in their social, educational, behavioral, and cultural development within their respective societies. The challenges faced by Muslim women in Northern Nigeria have emerged and escalated due to the gradual adoption of Western culture and civilization facilitated by modern technological advancements. These changes have not occurred by chance; rather, they have been influenced by various factors, including Western biases against Muslim women and a lack of awareness and understanding of Islamic teachings among some Muslim women. These teachings are crucial for safeguarding the sanctity of Muslim women and the entire Muslim Ummah in Northern Nigeria and the wider world. The findings of this paper highlight the behaviors and challenges experienced by contemporary Muslim women in Northern Nigeria, which have led to a decline in their moral values within the religious context, their pursuit of Western education, and their cultural norms. This paper will also offer evidence of certain social issues that some Muslim women have adopted, while further elucidating the status and role of Muslim women in Islam. However, it's important to note that the methodology employed in this paper is solely explanatory in nature.
Penggunaan Aplikasi Dalam Talian Untuk Proses Pembelajaran dalam Kalangan Mahasiswa di Universiti Malaya: Isu dan Solusi
The national education system has undergone significant evolution in line with the country's development and capabilities. With technological advancements across various fields, the use of technology in education has also progressed over time. Technological progress is deemed essential to stay relevant within the education system. The e-learning approach, or online learning, has become a familiar method at the higher education level. Hence, this study focuses on the MAYA application, an online platform utilized by students at the University of Malaya (UM) for academic matters. The objective of this study is to assess the usage of the MAYA application in the learning process at UM, specifically addressing issues faced by students based on their experiences. Findings from the study have led to proposed solutions to enhance the performance and efficiency of the MAYA application. The research methodology employed in this study is a quantitative approach to obtain relevant data. The study outcomes provide a comprehensive insight into the utilization of MAYA at UM with the expectation that these proposed improvements will enhance students’ learning experiences and the university administrative efficiency in addressing future issues.
Perkembangan Budaya Berpakaian Mahasiswi Universiti Malaya: Isu dan Cabaran
This article aims to examine the evolution of the dressed culture of Malaya University students along with its issues and challenges. Along with the current of modernization, the traditional clothing culture has changed and developed with the change of times. A string of such developments, there are issues and challenges faced by students in the choice of clothes while being on campus in particular. The question is, are the factors driving the change in the development as well as the issues and challenges that arise as a result of the development of the use culture among female students at the University of Malaya. The collection of research data has used methods of documentation, observation and questions in exploring primary and secondary materials related to the objectives of the study. The data collected has been analyzed scientifically, inductive, deductive and comparative to produce findings of the research. The results of the study found that students choose clothes based on the influence of schoolmates overcoming the Islamic dress guidelines. In conclusion, clothing trends will continue to evolve over time and era. But it needs to be in line with sharia guidelines.
اثر إدارة الموارد البشرية الإلكترونية على تحقيق الابداع الإداري في شركات التمويل بسلطنة عُمان
This study aimed to identify the impact of electronic human resources management in terms of its dimensions (electronic recruitment and selection, electronic training, electronic performance evaluation, electronic communication) on administrative creativity in finance companies in the Sultanate of Oman. The problem of the study lies in searching for ways that push the organization towards development and success. Through the element of excellence, the most important of these means is administrative creativity. The importance of the study lies in focusing on the dimensions of electronic human resources management as one of the proposed alternatives and trying to harness it in enhancing administrative creativity at the level of finance companies in the Sultanate of Oman. The researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach, and the study was conducted on a random sample. The study population consisted of all employees of finance companies in the Sultanate of Oman, who numbered (350) employees. The sample was selected and distributed electronically according to the sample size determination table developed by Cressy and Morgan, which consisted of (224) employees. The study concluded with a set of results, the most prominent of which is that there is a statistically significant effect at a significant level (α ≤ 0.05) of electronic human resources management in terms of its dimensions (electronic recruitment and selection, electronic training, electronic performance evaluation, electronic communication) on administrative creativity in finance companies in the Sultanate of Oman. The study recommended several recommendations, the most prominent of which were: the necessity of working to increase interest by the company’s management in conducting a careful analysis of the external environment when planning electronic human resources.