Journal of Tamil Peraivu (தமிழ்ப் பேராய்வு ஆய்விதழ்)
TAMILPERAIVU - Journal of Tamil Peraivu is an international tamil language peer-reviewed journal published by Indian Studies Department, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya. It reflects on the full range of current scholarly works on tamil language and indian culture from various perspectives. All submitted manuscripts undergo an initial screening by an editor and then a rigorous peer-review, and finally an editorial scrutiny. We encourage researchers from all over the world to submit more articles to this journal. eISSN :2636-946X Print ISSN : 2286-8379 Publisher : University of Malaya Publication type : Print/ E-Print Publication frequency : 2 time(s) per year
Indian Studies Department, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (இந்திய ஆய்வியல் துறை, கலை மற்றும் சமூகவியல் புலம், மலாயாப் பல்கலைக்கழகம். )
சுந்தர மூர்த்தி நாயனார் புராணத்தில் மங்கள நிகழ்வுகளில் இயற்கை
This study explores the representation and significance of nature in the auspicious ceremonies described in the Sundara Moorthy Nayanar Puranam, a narrative embedded within the 12th-century Periya Puranam by Sekkizhar. Adopting an ecocritical framework, particularly the principles of Deep Ecology, the research examines how natural elements such as flowers, plants, water, fire, and organic decorative materials are integrated into ritual practices with cultural, spiritual, and ecological meanings. The analysis demonstrates that these materials, drawn entirely from renewable resources, align with concepts of environmental sustainability and circular resource use. Furthermore, the study identifies the medicinal and therapeutic benefits of these natural substances, highlighting their role in promoting physical well-being, mental harmony, and spiritual purification. The findings suggest that these ritual practices reflect an intrinsic human–nature relationship based on mutual respect, sacred symbolism, and ecological awareness in ancient Tamil society. By situating the Sundara Moorthy Nayanar Puranam within the broader tradition of Tamil Shaivism, this research contributes to understanding how cultural heritage can inform contemporary environmental ethics. The study concludes that auspicious ceremonies in the Periya Puranam are not merely religious or social events, but also living embodiments of sustainable practices and ecological consciousness, offering valuable insights for integrating environmental preservation into modern cultural traditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tamil Peraivu (தமிழ்ப் பேராய்வு ஆய்விதழ்)
துணுக்காடல் வர்த்தகத்துறையில் மலேசிய இந்தியப் பெண் வர்த்தகர்களின் ஈடுபாடு
This study is titled The Involvement of Malaysian Indian Women Entrepreneurs in the TikTok Business Sector. It was conducted to understand the participation of Malaysian Indian women in the TikTok business sector and to identify the challenges they face in running TikTok-based businesses. The study has three objectives : to explore perceptions of the TikTok business sector, to identify the involvement of Malaysian Indian women in TikTok businesses, and to analyze the challenges faced by these women entrepreneurs in the TikTok business sector. This is a quantitative study based on Maslow’s theoretical framework. The study is divided into five sections, including the conclusion. Finally, the findings obtained are presented and summarized in chapter five as the conclusion. Overall, the findings indicate that women entrepreneurs in the TikTok sector face challenges such as difficulties in securing stable income, negative comments, online scams, and limited business management skills. Meanwhile, lack of support from family members and the community was identified as the least significant challenge faced by these women entrepreneurs.
அற்புதத் திருவந்தாதியில் குற்றியலுகர இலக்கணத்தின் பயன்பாடு – ஓர் ஆய்வு
Arputha Thiruvandhadhi is considered a work of Tamil literature (sitrilakkiyam). A poetic form where each verse begins with the ending word of the previous verse is called andhadhi. This text primarily reflects the path of Shaivism, centering on devotion to Lord Shiva and complete surrender to the divine. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the use of Kutriyalugaram grammar features within the verses of Arputha Thiruvandhadhi. This research is conducted as qualitative research using an explanatory method. The key finding of this research is the presence and application of Kutriyalugaram in selected verses. Out of the total 101 verses in Arputha Thiruvandhadhi, 10 verses were chosen for detailed analysis in this research.
மலாயாப் பல்கலைக்கழக கலை மற்றும் சமூகவியல் புலம் இந்திய ஆரம்பநிலைத் தொழில்துறைப் பட்டதாரிகள் பணியிடங்களில் எதிர்கொள்ளும் சவால்கள்
This research, titled “The Struggles Faced by Indian Early Career Professionals from the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya at the Workplace,” explores the difficulties experienced by early-career graduates as they transition into the workforce. The study aims to identify the academic background of the graduates, examine their career pathways, and understand the challenges they encounter in the workplace. In light of the gap between academic preparation and workplace demands, a quantitative research method was employed through the distribution of structured questionnaires to 80 Indian graduates. The data were analyzed using Jamovi software. This research is grounded in Schlossberg’s Transition Theory, which explains how individuals adapt to life transitions. Key findings reveal challenges, including a lack of experience, weaknesses in soft skills, pressure from job expectations, and poor work-life balance. The results indicate that these challenges can be categorized into internal and external factors. The study successfully met its objectives and provides practical recommendations to help graduates better adapt to the world of work in a more prepared and sustainable manner.
இடைநிலைப்பள்ளி இந்திய மாணவர்களின் கல்வித் திறனில் பன்மொழிக் கற்றலின் தாக்கம் – ஓர் ஆய்வு
This study aims to examine the impact of multilingual learning on the academic performance among Indian students of secondary schools in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. Conducted under the framework of ‘Translation Theory’ (2014), this research specifically analyzes how students navigate multilingual challenges within school environments that involve Tamil, Malay, and English languages. The data for this study were collected through interviews with 14 Indian students from seven different secondary schools in Ipoh, Perak. Although Indian students face challenges such as language confusion in the classroom and unequal language proficiency levels, they also experience several benefits. To overcome multilingual challenges, students adopt various learning strategies, including the use of translation practices and artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini AI, and Copilot. Additionally, temples and volunteer organizations function as informal language learning centers. These findings contribute to the limited body of literature on the experiences of Indian students within the context of multilingual education and provide practical guidance for educators and policymakers to further strengthen multilingual learning.
தமிழ் படைப்புகளை மலாய் மொழிக்கு மொழிபெயர்ப்பதில் ஏற்படும் சிக்கல்கள் : ஒரு மொழியியல் மற்றும் கலாச்சார ஆய்வு
Translating Tamil creative works into Malay presents a complex and challenging endeavor that demands not only linguistic proficiency but also a deep cultural sensitivity. It is not merely about changing the language, but demands attentiveness to linguistic differences and cultural comprehension. This study explores the primary challenges encountered in the process of translating Tamil literary texts into Malay, focusing particularly on issue related to linguistic disparity, idiomatic translation, cultural context, and the preservation of literary beauty.Translation often faces a dilemma between maintaining the authenticity of the text and ensuring that its message is easily understood by the target reader. This creates a tension between loyalty to the source text and understanding the aesthetics of the language. Similarly, cultural symbols may only be understood within the context of specific communities.The analysis reveals a clear tension between the need to remain faithful to the original text and the need to ensure the target readers comprehension. For instance, many Tamil proverbs carry rich, layered meanings that do not have direct equivalents in Malay. Likewise, certain cultural symbols or references may only be meaningful within specific communities, making it difficult for them to resonate with a broader readership.The author proposes several strategic recommendations, such as the use of bilingual cultural glossaries, intercultural translation training, and collaboration between translators and original authors. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the development of higher quality creative translation practices in our country, where multilingualism and multiculturalism coexist, such an approach to translation can serve as a powerful tool for cultural preservation, literally appreciation, and national integration.
தமிழ் மொழியில் தற்காலத் தொழில்நுட்பப் பயன்பாடு
This research shows that Tamil is one of the oldest languages in the world. Today, modern technology helps students learn Tamil more easily. Many college students use digital tools like ChatGPT, Canva, Google Translate, Grammarly, and voice typing apps. These tools help fix grammar, build vocabulary, and give writing ideas. Technology provides quick feedback, so students can improve faster. It also allows learning at their own speed and in their preferred style. Many students say that using modern tools makes Tamil learning more enjoyable and easier to understand. However, some students are concerned. They think over-reliance on technology may make people lazy and reduce their own thinking. They also feel it could harm the cultural value of the Tamil language. Some believe that real teachers and human interaction are still important. In conclusion, modern technology is useful in Tamil learning, but it should be used with care and balance to protect creativity, culture, and the human touch in education.
வேதாத்திரியச் சிந்தனையும் அதன் பங்களிப்பும்: மலேசிய இந்தியர்களிடையே ஓர் ஆய்வு
Vethathiriyam philosophy is an expression of the profound spiritual journey of Vethathiri Maharishi. This philosophy is founded on noble principles that uphold universal love, peace, moral values and spiritual well-being. Through its fundamental practices, simplified physical exercises, kayakalpa yoga and Vethathiriyam philosophy has had a significant impact on the lifestyle of Malaysian Indians. In particular, the Manavalakkalai yoga program has served as effective tools for enhancing physical health, mental well-being and social harmony. This research paper is aimed at gathering and presenting data related to the contribution of Vethathiriyam practices in bringing about changes in the lives of Malaysian Indians. The data collected through library research and interviews have been subjected to analysis. The findings are categorized and presented here based on two main aspects: the benefits of Manavalakkalai Yoga and the lifestyle changes it has brought about among Malaysian Indians. This study confirms that Vethathiriyam philosophy has served as a foundation for personal character development, family well-being and social upliftment in the lives of Malaysian Indians
தொல்காப்பியப் பொருளதிகார புறத்திணை மரபுகள்: உருமாற்றத்தின் சமூக-வரலாற்றுப் பின்னணியும் தாக்கமும்
The Purapporuḷ Veṇpāmālai, which emerged as a development of the Tolkāppiyam and is based on the Paṇṇirupadalam tradition, reflects the changing conditions of Tamil society through External (Purapporul) related concepts. The Tolkāppiyam embodies traditional stances, while the Purapporuḷ Veṇpāmālai mirrors the transformations that occurred in that context. Significant changes took place in Purapporuḷ-related thought during the period of Kaḷappirar rule. Various scholars of different religious traditions adapted grammatical rules to suit their philosophies and the prevailing literary trends. Such changes appear to have been implemented by Aiyanār Iṭanār in response to social changes, particularly in the structure of the Kaikkilai and Peruntinai divisions. This study aims to extensively explore these traditional divisions and their transformations, focusing on: 1) The background of changes in External (Purattinaiyiyal)—the study of Purapporuḷ meaning. 2) The background of changes in the terms “Tinai” and “Padalam.” 3) The background of changes in the classification system of Uzhiṉai and Nochiṭṭinai divisions. 4) The background of conceptual changes in the Kañcitinai division. 5) The differing perspectives of commentators on the classification of Tinai. Using the commentaries of Ilampūraṇar and Naccinārkkiṇiyar, who provided expositions on Tolkāppiyam’s Purattinaiyiyal, it is evident that the term “Tinai” came to signify an unconventional meaning related to “poruḷ” (meaning or content). Ilampūraṇar specifically refers to “poruḷ.” We understand that commentators used the term “poruḷ” in the sense of “purpose” or “significance” of something. Similarly, although the word “Padalam” is mentioned in the Purapporuḷ Veṇpāmālai, there is no clear indication that commentators referred to it in their explanations. Regarding the categorization system of Uzhiṉai and Nochiṭṭinai divisions, changes can be assumed based on the versions of manuscripts obtained through U.V. Swaminatha Aiyar’s editions. The instability resulting from war, as described by Tolkāppiyar, is elaborated upon in the Kañcitinai division. Thus, the Purapporuḷ Veṇpāmālai, by discussing the war division and instability, helps us perceive social change. Even though the number of External divisions increased from seven to twelve, commentators continued to uphold the traditional seven. This entire evolution can be understood through this investigation. Hence, the article decodes the nuances and the in-depth details between tradition and transformation of External Traditions from the viewpoint of Tholkappiar.
மலாயாப் பல்கலைக்கழக இந்திய ஆய்வியல் துறை மாணவர்களின் கற்றல் நடவடிக்கையில் சமூக ஊடகங்களின் விளைவுகள்
This research "The Impact of Social Media on Learning Activities among Students in Department of Indian Studies, University of Malaya", investigates how students use social media for academic purposes and its influence on their learning. The research aims to identify the most frequently used platforms, examine usage patterns, and determine the impact on academic performance. Driven by the increasing role of digital tools in education, a quantitative research method was applied using a structured survey distributed among students. Data were analyzed using Jamovi software. The study is grounded in the Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT), which helps explain how students actively choose social media to fulfill academic and social needs. Key findings revealed popular platforms such as WhatsApp and Instagram supported academic communication, while overuse caused distraction and time mismanagement. The research achieved its objectives and offers practical insights to enhance students’ learning engagement through balanced and mindful social media use.
1957-ஆம் ஆண்டிற்கு முந்தைய மலேசியத் தமிழ்க்கல்வி வளர்ச்சி
This qualitative historical study examines Tamil educational development in colonial Malaya prior to independence, employing Historical Interpretation theory and document analysis from the University Malaya Main Library and National Archives sources. The research reveals the colonial government's systematic neglect of Tamil education from 1870 onwards, with British authorities establishing Tamil schools primarily to secure plantation labor rather than advance educational outcomes. The colonial administration's utilitarian approach reflected broader imperial priorities that subordinated indigenous educational needs to economic interests. Tamil schools functioned as instruments of labor reproduction, maintaining stable workforce populations in rubber and palm oil plantations rather than providing comprehensive educational opportunities. Post-World War II developments marked a significant shift in educational dynamics. While British administrative reforms introduced marginal improvements, grassroots community initiatives emerged as the primary catalyst for educational advancement. Parents and youth organizations mobilized independently to elevate Tamil school standards, demonstrating remarkable agency despite colonial constraints. This community-driven educational development highlights the resilience of Tamil communities in Malaya, who transformed inadequate colonial provisions into meaningful educational opportunities through collective effort. The study underscores how marginalized communities navigated colonial educational policies, ultimately creating sustainable educational frameworks that transcended imperial limitations and laid foundations for post-independence Tamil education in Malaysia.
மலேசிய இந்தியர்களின் தமிழ் திருக்கோவைக் நூல்களின் புரிதலின் முக்கியத்துவம் குறித்த பார்வை: ஒரு கணக்கியல் ஆய்வு
The ancient Tamil literary tradition of scriptural texts has been a significant foundation shaping Tamil ethical and cultural values. However, in the 21st century, their influence on the lifestyle of Malaysian Indians has declined. Factors such as focus on individualism, the pursuit of instant attention, and the proliferation of social media have contributed to reduced practical use and understanding of these texts. Therefore, it is important to examine the extent to which Malaysian Indians appreciate their significance. This study investigates the correlations among perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived ease of learning, and user satisfaction regarding Tamil scriptural texts among 248 Malaysian Indian participants. Most respondents were female, aged 26 to 55, with higher education and professional experience. While many had limited awareness of Tamil scriptural texts, descriptive statistics showed generally positive evaluations of usefulness and satisfaction. Perceived ease of use and ease of learning were rated lower but demonstrated strong positive correlations with usefulness and satisfaction. Correlation analysis confirmed significant positive relationships among all constructs, especially between ease of use and ease of learning. These findings underscore the importance of understanding Tamil scriptural texts and its social, spiritual, and educational roles. Making these texts more accessible and easier to learn increases user appreciation and their perceived value for improving life quality. Hence, introducing these texts through modern methods, providing training, especially for younger generations, and raising social awareness are recommended as key strategies for the future.
இடைச்சொற் பொதுவிலக்கணம் – பழையவுரைகள் ஒப்பீடு
The Tolkappiyam is the only grammar book that demonstrates the antiquity, excellence and glory of the Tamil language. There are seven old commentaries on the Tolkapiya. The reason for the proliferation of the text of Tolkappiyam is the result of the efforts of many commentators from time to time to understand the heart of Tolkappiyam and convey it to the world. Commentator’s interpretations are an important factor in the preservation of Tolkappiyam and the spread of Tolkappiyam education. Among the Tolkappiya Sholladhikaram, Ilampuranar, Senavariyar, Nachinarkiniyar, Deivachilaiyar, Kalladanar, and one old writer. The Tolkappiya texts contradict each other. If we compare and analyze those texts, we can easily understand the inner thoughts of the author Tolkappiyar. If we compare and examine the old texts with the formula that states the general definition of the interjection in the solladhikara interjection, it will become clear what Tolkappiyar's opinion is. Since it is clear what Tolkappiyar's opinion was, this article attempts to compare and examine the common definition of interjection and the explanations given by older commentators.
தமிழ்ப்பள்ளிகளில் தமிழ்மொழி கற்பித்தலில் மொழிபெயர்ப்பு பொருட்களைப் பயன்படுத்துவதில் ஆசிரியர்கள் எதிர்கொள்ளும் சவால்கள்
The use of translated materials in the classroom has gained increasing attention as a means to enhance students’ understanding of a second or third language. In the context of Tamil schools in Malaysia, teachers face various challenges when implementing translated materials as a teaching approach in the Tamil language subject. This study aims to examine the types of challenges experienced by teachers, including issues related to the quality of translated materials, time constraints, students’ literacy levels, and the availability of professional support. Using a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews involving 10 Tamil language teachers in primary schools, the findings reveal an urgent need for continuous professional training and the production of translated materials that are more contextual and appropriate for students’ age levels. The study’s implications extend to education policy, teacher training institutions, and teaching material providers, emphasising the importance of culturally and linguistically relevant resources. Overall, the findings highlight that while translated materials can be an effective pedagogical tool, their success depends greatly on quality, teacher competency, and institutional support.
சைவ சித்தாந்த கருத்துப் பரவலாக்கத்தில் ஈழத்தவரின் இலக்கிய முயற்சிகள்: நமசிவாயம் அல்லது நான் யார் நூலை முன்வைத்து
Based on the book Namasivayam or Nan Yaar, this research aims to identify the literary efforts of the Sri Lankan’s in propagating the Saiva Siddhanta concept. The true vision of Saiva Siddhanta is Found in Jaffna culture, where Saiva Siddhanta is seen as the traditional culture of Jaffna people. This philosophy has evolved into the intellectual thoughts of the Saivite Tamil Society and is integrated into people’s lives. Since the time of Arumuga Navalar, various activities have been undertaken to disseminate the Saiva Siddhanta concept. These philosophical concepts were carried to the society in different forms such as speeches and writings. The book Namasivayam or Nan Yaar which is the focus of this research contains a Saiva Siddhanta we have research here has tried to disseminate saiva siddhanta Philosophy as its core and serves as an artistic form for propagating this philosophy. Consequently, this research is conducted using a descriptive literature research methodology.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Tamil Peraivu
இன்னா நாற்பது இளையோர்க்கு வரையறுக்கும் வாழ்வியல் விழுமியங்கள்
The Inna Narpathu, which comprises over 18 anthologies dating back to the period known as the Post Sangam era, encompasses various facets of life. This book reflects on diverse virtues and enlightens us about the thoughts of pain and the pursuit of knowledge that are universal to all living beings in the world. Even though this book contains various opinions, the primary objective of this article is to present some profound thoughts and life experiences to the younger generation that will enrich their lives. The research encompassed in this study has been gathered from various sources, including data from research, literature books and research articles. It examines life experiences that have enriched the lives of the younger generation through various perspectives. The findings of this study, which have been comprehended and appreciated by the younger generation, encompass aspects such as education, wealth, morality, social behavior, and leadership. These experiences have contributed solely to research. The insights provided in this essay shed light on literature that discusses experiences which enlighten the younger generation about principles of justice. Future researchers must undertake the task of collecting and compiling thoughts that enlighten the younger generation to ensure that such life experiences are not lost over time.
நெருக்கடியான காலகட்டத்தில் கலை மற்றும் தகவல் தொடர்பாடல் தொழில்நுட்பத்தின் இணைவு: கோவிட்-19 சூழலில் வட இலங்கையில் மெய்நிகர் நாடக ஆற்றுகைகள்
Theatrical performances create a direct, emotional connection with the audience, a connection only possible when both performers and viewers meet in the same physical space. However, with the global lockdown announced in 2020, this norm became entirely unfeasible. In this context, the Active Theatre Movement operating in the Northern region of Sri Lanka, with the aid of information and communication technology (ICT), transitioned to online theatre performances, exploring new approaches. This study examines how, during the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual theatre performances, integrated with ICT, reached audiences. It investigates how innovative experiences were created for viewers across borders and how connections were established with them. The Performative Theory proposed by Mary Gergen and Kip Jones is employed to explore the potential of live theatre through virtual video streaming technology and the emotional impact it generated. The study further investigates the impact of online theatre performances, conducted from Northern Sri Lanka, on Tamil diaspora families worldwide. The transformation of these performances through online communication technology served as a key means of connecting Tamil cultural identity and as a relational tool to engage remote Tamils. Additionally, the study highlights the significant role of online communication technologies in strengthening socio-cultural ties among the Tamil diaspora. The Relational Aesthetics theory, proposed by French art theorist Nicolas Bourriaud, serves as the philosophical foundation of this study. Data was collected through the researchers' own auto-ethnographic experiences. This study uncovers new methods of reinforcing Tamil identity through online theatre performances, even in challenging global circumstances, contributing to the creation of new dimensions in art and social science.
அட்டாங்கயோகத்தில் இயமம் நியமம் - திருக்குறளினூடான பார்வை
There are four ways to get pearls in Hinduism. One of them is Yoga. Yoga is meditation. The Patanjali Yogasutra and the Tirumantra describe eight types of yoga. The number represents the number eight. An element is a part. Yoga means union and union. It is said that its meaning is to grow and unite with God by grace. Atankayogam is said to describe the eight steps that the living entities must follow in order to be united with God. Of these two principles, the yama and the niyama, are the source of the yoga. If this is done, other rules can be applied. They are believed to provide physical and mental health to those who practice yoga and make them better yogis. The Patanjali Yoga Sutra has five yamas and the Tirumandira Yoga Sutra has ten yamas. They are falsehood, falsehood, falsehood, goodness, self-control, neutrality, reasonableness, impurity, blindness, and lack of lust. At the same time, the canon is characterized by asceticism, temperance, orality, the philosophers' own way of life, and the worship of God. This field of research is focused on identifying and revealing them in the form of scrolls. The Tirukkural, which is referred to as the universal scripture, is remarkable in that it contains in itself not only theological but also philosophical ideas. It is remarkable that Tirukkural has spoken of the concepts of Yama and Niyama as embodied in the Patanjali Yogasutra and the Tirumantra. The study is structured in terms of analytical and comparative research approaches. Data collected is analyzed and analyzed.
மலேசிய தமிழ்ப்பள்ளிகளின் தமிழ்மொழிக் கற்றல் கற்பித்தல் நடவடிக்கையில் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் ஒளவையின் செய்யுள் மாணவருக்கு உணர்த்தும் வாழ்க்கை நெறி
This study aims to analyze the role of Avvaiyar's poems in Tamil language education in Malaysian Tamil schools. Avvaiyar, known for her wisdom and profound thoughts in her works, conveys moral, ethical, and social values through simple yet meaningful poems. This study focuses on how these poems impact students in their daily lives. Through text analysis, the study will examine the effectiveness of integrating Avvaiyar's poems into the Tamil education curriculum, considering their impact on character development, moral values, and the enhancement of students' language skills. This research hopes to provide suggestions and recommendations for strengthening the use of Avvaiyar's poems in Tamil language education in Tamil schools, as well as increasing understanding of the richness of Tamil literary heritage. Thus, this study concludes that Avvaiyar's poems serve not only as beautiful literary texts but also as an effective tool in Tamil language education, fostering moral and social values, and improving language comprehension among students.
திருப்பாவையில் காணப்படும் திருமாலின் திருப்பெயர்கள்
The purpose of this study for examines the various deity names of the Perumal found in the Thirupavai composed by Andal, one of the twelve Alvars. The literature review system is dealt with in this study which deals with the qualitative strategy. Primarily manipulated texts, textbooks, dissertations, and dissertations on the original text of the Four Thousand Divine Prabhupada. This study finds that Lord Andal called Lord Vishnu's by different names in his hymns in Tirupavai and divides it into 5 parts. This review examines the purpose and factor behind the song 'Thirumalini Andal Bhakti' sung under different names. It has been found and compared that other Alvars in their psalms used the same name for the same reason as Thirupavai in the same way as Andal Thirumal's name in Thirupavai.
In the changing human living environment, medicine has become an important aspect. Although human beings are progressing gradually, physical health continues to pose many challenges to human beings. In general, irregular eating habits and an undisciplined lifestyle are the reasons for deterioration of physical health. Although modern medicine provides solutions for diseases that arise from time to time, there is no doubt that following the right way of life as prescribed by ancient medicine helps one to lead a healthy life throughout their lifetime. In this regard, the medical treatment practices followed by people in their daily life during various periods can be known through the study of literature that emerged during those times. Tamil literature also contains many medical references necessary for the people. The Patinenkilkkanakku texts are the compilations made during the Sangam period. The Patinenkilkkanakku texts are generally texts that preach moral values. However, many verses contain references to ancient medicine. This article aims to study the medical-related practices found in the three texts called Naladiyar - among the Patinenkilkkanakku Texts. The ancient Tamils gave great importance to maintaining a healthy physical lifestyle in their daily life. They inculcated good conduct and discipline in people's minds and thereby enabled them to lead a disease-free life. By reading the Naladiyar, we can understand that they made people lead a life free from diseases through inculcating good conduct and discipline. We can appreciate the greatness of these texts as they reveal medical thoughts that are relevant even for today's people.
அலைவாய்க்கரையில் புதினத்தில் பரதவா் இனவரைவியல்
The purpose of this article is to examine the ethnographic elements emerging in the Alaiwaikarai. Analytical approach, descriptive approach, sociological approach, historical approach, ethnographic approach have been followed as the research is carried out on the basis of classifying and analysing the ethnographic elements of Bharatava ethnic people found in Budhinam. This is the first essay on Bharatava people to be ethnographically oriented. Literature is an important document to know the history of the people. All the ancient literature was in the form of Seyul. After the arrival of the westerners, especially after the 18th century, the traditional yapu methods were changed in Tamil literature and literature like short story, novel and drama appeared. Among these, the short story and novel are fictional. Although these can be created in imagination, they are central to people's lives. In that way, by conducting a study with ethnographic elements on the newly created wave bank that reflects the life of the particular race, the geography, time environment, inherited cultural changes and contemporary problems of the Bharatava people can be found and the study results can be shown to the society.
கருடபுராணம் சுட்டும் கொல்லாமை நெறி ஓர் ஆய்வு
This research paper deeply explores the philosophy of Ahimsa (non-violence) as highlighted in the Garuda Purana. The Garuda Purana elaborates on the consequences of taking lives, categorizing it as a grave sin that leads to severe punishments in hell. Additionally, the study draws from the works of Indian sages, Siddhars, and philosophers, emphasizing the significance of adhering to the principle of non-violence.Through a comprehensive literature review, this paper underlines the necessity of practicing Ahimsa. It integrates teachings from Thirumoolar, Sivavakkiyar, Thiruvalluvar, and Vallalar, who emphasize that showing compassion towards all living beings is a path to attaining divine grace. The Garuda Purana provides a detailed account of the punishments awaiting those who fail to follow the principle of non-violence.
The aim of this research article is to understand the gender related to the meanings of aayam and kilai; the two nouns found in ancient Tamil literature. It is needed to bring out the specific difference between them as there is a unique factor in the semantics of those two terms i.e. denoting abstract nouns along with living and nonliving things. Their usages in the eight anthologies and ten idylls serve as primary data for this comparative study. The views of commentators, researchers, dictionaries, nikandu, and field work serve as secondary data. Blood relationship, eligibility to share the riches, responsibility to share the food and the feature of separability without damaging the entity are the fundamental norms to attribute the term kilai as a noun which may fall under anyone of the five genders in Tamil. Aayam does not have the above mentioned criteria and denotes either palarpaal or palavinpaal only.
Google Translation (GT) & Human Translation (HT) வழி தமிழ்ச் சொற்றொடர்களின் ஆங்கில மொழிபெயர்ப்பு ஓர் பகுப்பாய்வு
Every language greatly benefits from translation. Translation is a mechanism for conveying the meaning of the source language (SL) to the target language (TL). Many translation tools are available, including Google Translation (GT) and human translation (HT). The primary goal of this study is to translate Tamil expressions into English using both Google Translation (GT) and human translation (HT). This study was carried out to determine the translation approaches used by Google Translation (GT) and Human Translation (HT), and to evaluate the precision of translating Tamil phrases using GT and HT (HT). The text analysis method was used to gather all the data. The data were analysed with Newmark Translation Theory (1988). This study discovered that a significant influence in translation is played by Google Translation (GT) and Human Translation (HT). It has been discovered that Human Translation (HT) is more effective and accurate than Google Translation (GT).
மேற்கின் அறிவுப் பாரம்பரியத்தில் 'ஸீரா நபவீய்யா': ஒரு வரலாற்றுக் கண்ணோட்டம்
It can be observed that the ‘Sirah Nabawiyya’, which describes the life history of the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h),[1] has been continuously studied by many people in and outside the Islamic world after his death. The main reason for this is the Prophet’s central role in Islam. Muslims focused on writing the ‘Sirah Nabawiyya’ to protect the Prophet (p.b.u.h) and to present his role models to the world. From the beginning, the West studied his life to oppose and criticize him and to defend Christianity. At the same time, the Islamic world in the East loves the Prophet (p.b.u.h) and tries to protect and spread his history, while the Western world criticizes him. However, it cannot be denied that righteous and honest historians have emerged amidst this historical phenomenon in the West. In this way, this article aims to explain in chronological order how the history of the Prophetic Sirah emerged in the intellectual tradition of the West against the background of reasons such as opposition, ignorance, hostility, selfishness, and bias and has developed based on neutral and honest research. For this, library-based research articles and authentic books have been handled as primary sources. In addition, this study has been carried out using a few important writings printed in the West in each period as samples. This study attempts to establish how the history of the Prophetic Sirah, which arose with hatred in the West, has undergone different evolutions over time and has been developed neutrally and impartially.
தாதியத் துறையில் முஸ்லிம் பெண்களின் வகிபங்கு: ஓர் வரலாற்று மற்றும் சமகால நோக்கு
In contemporary times, nursing is regarded as a highly noble profession. Islam, which offers guidance for all aspects of human life, considers nursing as a profession suitable for women's nature and encourages it. Based on a review of literature, this study analyzes the contributions of nurses in Islamic history and examines the current status of the profession. The research traces the historical development of nursing within Islamic societies, beginning with the early Islamic period when Muslim women first engaged in organized care for the wounded and sick. The study documents how nursing responsibilities were carried out by notable female figures during significant historical events, including major battles and the establishment of the first bimaristans (hospitals). Through examination of historical texts and scholarly sources, this research highlights how Islamic principles influenced the development of nursing ethics and practices. The investigation reveals that Muslim women consistently played vital roles in healthcare delivery systems throughout different Islamic eras and across various geographical regions. The study further explores how the nursing profession has evolved within contemporary Muslim societies, analyzing current challenges and opportunities. The key finding of this study is that Muslim women have been significantly involved in nursing from the early Islamic period to the present day. This study can serve as a valuable resource for historical research on women and gender studies.
Literature reflects both human emotions and the natural world, offering a profound understanding of the relationship between humanity and nature. Tirukkural, a timeless classic authored by Tiruvalluvar, treats nature not as a mere backdrop, but as an essential and inseparable component of virtuous living. Rooted in the principles of Deep Ecology, this article explores how Tirukkural elevates the sanctity of nature and highlights the necessity for humans to live harmoniously with all forms of life. By examining the natural thoughts embedded within various chapters of Tirukkural through the critical framework of Deep Ecology Theory, this study emphasizes the intrinsic value of nature, independent of human utility. It also sheds light on the ecological ethics subtly conveyed by Tiruvalluvar, encouraging a deeper ecological consciousness and a moral responsibility towards environmental preservation in contemporary society.
பதார்த்தகுண சிந்தாமணி புகட்டும் நல்வாழ்வுக்குரிய உணவொழுக்கம்
The current human lifestyle is moving very fast in a hectic environment with the motto 'can live a life in anyway'. Humans fail to accomplish their various activities fully due to lack of time. Among them, health care and diet are noteworthy. As the saying goes in Tamil, "Painting could be done only if the wall is exit”, where a man can perform his daily duties properly only if he keeps his body healthy. Diet is one of the most important health influences. Instead of eating all the available foods, knowing the nature of each food and eating it will provide a good health and life. In this way, Siddhar Theraiyar has effectively explained about advantages and disadvantages of food consummation and usage of cooking ingredients in the book called ‘Padhartaguna Chintamani'. It is believed that this book may belong to the 15th century. The basic aim of this research paper is to compile and present the information related to food discipline as described in the book Padarthaguna Chintamani.
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பண்டைத் தமிழர் உணவு முறையில் ஊன்சோறு (Exploring Uunchoru: An Analysis of Ancient Tamil Cuisine)
This research article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the traditional Tamil dish ‘Uunchoru’ which was consumed in ancient Tamil Nadu. The study delves into the intricate details of its preparation and consumption, offering insights into the culinary practices and eating habits that prevailed during that era. The research employs an analytical approach, utilizing ten historical idylls and anthologies as primary sources to reconstruct the gastronomic traditions associated with ‘Uunchoru’. These primary texts offer a window into the ingredients, cooking techniques, and cultural significance of the dish. To complement the primary sources, the research incorporates secondary sources, including the interpretations of commentators and contemporary researchers. These secondary sources provide additional context and highlight the evolution of food practices over time. Notably, the study reveals that, despite the passage of approximately two thousand years, there has been minimal change in Tamil cooking and eating habits. The main exception to this continuity is the avoidance of certain meats, specifically those from elephant, deer, and iguana, which were once consumed but are now excluded from the modern Tamil diet. This research underscores the remarkable consistency in Tamil culinary traditions and practices, despite broader historical and cultural changes. By analyzing historical texts and comparing them with contemporary practices, the study contributes valuable insights into the persistence of traditional food practices and their adaptation over time. This examination not only enhances our understanding of ancient Tamil cuisine but also highlights the enduring nature of cultural food practices in Tamil Nadu.